Suchergebnisse

In the context of increasing resource and environmental constraints, measurement and determinants of green utilization efficiency of urban land (GUEUL) is currently the subject of a rapidly expanding literature. Previous research concerning determinants of GUEUL focuses primarily on effects of socio-economic conditions on GUEUL, and little attention has been devoted to impacts of spatial structure and urban development patterns. This research explores impacts of polycentric development on GUEUL of urban agglomeration (UA), using data for major UAs in China covering the period 2005–2019. GUEUL and the extent of polycentricity is measured by employing an improved directional slack-based measure (SBM) model and the rank-size distribution-based approach, respectively. The linkage between polycentric development and GUEUL is explored by estimating models of determinants of GUEUL, and the nonlinear characteristics of the relationship are investigated by employing the panel threshold model approach. The results suggest that polycentric development positively impacts GUEUL of UAs, and such effect rises with economic development levels. In addition, degree of agglomeration, economic development level and intensity of government investment in science and technology is found to be positively related to GUEUL. The empirical results have significant implications for improving GUEUL through formulating and implementing regional and urban policies.

AbstractAn urban village is a typical type of informal housing settlement in which rural migrants stay in Chinese cities. As urban villages are being woven into modern urban landscapes, we estimate the size of their negative externality and also the positive spillover effect of their removal on nearby formal housing communities. We employ two micro data sets: one includes all the existing urban villages in 2006 and a unique micro survey of 50 villages conducted in 2008, and the other contains 24,000 micro resale records in the formal housing sector from 2006 to 2011. Our findings show that an average urban village causes a 2.5 percent housing price discount in nearby communities, and the removal of this urban village triggers a 3.3–4.3 percent housing price appreciation. However, more careful consideration is needed for the other side of the coin—the welfare change of those rural migrants who are displaced during this process.

Understanding the complex impact of air pollution is crucial to assessing exposure risk and defining public health policies in China. However, the evidence and hence knowledge of how urban activity responds to air pollution are limited. In this paper, we propose to use geotagged check-in records on Weibo, a Tweeter-like platform, to systematically investigate the effect of air pollution on urban activity. Based on panel models, we found clear evidence that such effect exists and varies between pollutants, visitors and residents, and different activity types. Typically, SO2 has the largest impact, followed by PM2.5, NO2, and PM10; local citizens' activities are more susceptible than visitors; leisure-related activity has a sensitivity at least twofold higher than work-related activities. Additionally, we tested hypotheses about the heterogeneous effect. We confirmed the role of Income and air quality, showing that people who live in richer and more polluted cities are more likely to experience the effects of air pollution. Specifically, people who live in a more polluted city with 100 unit increments in AvgAQI show on average the same sensitivity as those who live in a less polluted city and earn about 20.3 thousand yuan more in average Income. This reveals new insights about environmental injustice in China. By presenting a portrait of the spatial heterogeneity, we argued that environmental injustice in terms of air pollution is not just about the difference in exposure risk measured based on population distribution, rather the measurement should also consider the disparity derived from urban activity. Secondly, new injustice may arise in underdeveloped areas where manufacture industry is transferred to but people barely take avoidance behavior. Finally, the map also reveals the general neglect of the detrimental effect of light air pollution, which we speculate is partly due to China's comparatively low standard in governmental regulations. We believe our finding contributes significantly to exposure risk assessment and environmental justice debates. Hence it highlights the necessity and urgency of public healthy polices that spread the health consequence of air pollution, especially in the underdeveloped region.

《蛙》/ua55/ (frog) by the Nobel Prize winning Chinese author Mo Yan describes China's changing its highly controversial one - child policy and system of forced abortions over the past half-century. Frog metaphors are omnipresent throughout the novel. The present study aims to investigate these metaphors within the framework of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson's (1980) Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and the "GREAT CHAIN OF BEING" system of George Lakoff and Mark Turner (1989) to deepen our understanding of their nature and manifestations. Zoltán Kövecses's (2002) "HUMAN BEINGS ARE ANIMALS" and "ANIMALS ARE HUMAN BEINGS" were also considered as cognitive metaphorical models. Moreover, the viewpoint of "phonetic metaphor" initially proposed by Ivan Fónagy (1999) was also taken into account. Results were that in Mo Yan's work, the frog plays an essential role in the conceptualizing conventional views of certain areas in China. The analysis demonstrates how a cognitive approach offers an effective way to explore the cognitive basis of the text's view on the complex relationship between the basic human rights and the dilemmas of living in a repressive society. This paper also hopes to make a certain contribution to comprehending frog metaphors in terms of more clearly delineated concepts and ideology reflecting China's real society of a one-child policy and its traditional counter - policy notion.

China's land use policies have largely discounted the significance of the relationship between landscape changes and residents' geographical cognition. Rapid urbanization has generated the double pressures of ensuring the protection of farmland and meeting rising demands for urban construction land. The propulsion of top-down rural land consolidation (RLC) projects by the Chinese government has been unprecedented in recent years. In the context of RLC, local governments have focused on the expansion of areas of cultivated land and on generating new construction land quotas. However, perceptions of the changes that large-scale RLC projects bring to rural landscapes among local residents, whose place-based identities (often referred to as place identity) are forged through lifelong associations with these landscapes, have received little attention. Consequently, we explored how place identity influences rural residents' perceptions of landscape changes in RLC areas in Eastern China, which has undergone rapid urban expansion and dramatic changes in its rural landscapes. We developed a structural equation model to analyse the effects of place identity, the intensity of RLC projects, and their quality on perceptions of landscape changes. A stratified sampling approach was used to collect data, and a good fit was found between the model and the sample data. The results of the model indicated that place identity, in conjunction with the quality of RLC projects, play a significant mediating role in relation to perceptions of positive landscape changes. Intensive RLC projects may induce positive perceptions of landscape changes. However, the quality of such projects may also be evaluated as being poor, which partially undermines the former effect. Positive evaluations of the quality of a RLC project can contribute to strengthening residents' positive perceptions of landscape changes, which are significantly enhanced through the mediating effect of place identity. We discuss and interpret these findings by incorporating ...