Suchergebnisse

AbstractRituparno Ghosh's cinematization of Unishe April (1994) and Dahan (1997) is a systemic triad interrogative feminist narrative of a case of sexual and non-sexual violence, the gendered spatial politics of Calcutta and the performativity of Bengali masculinity. The present study delves into the nuanced portrayal of the bhadralok masculinities in the cinematic texts of Rituparno Ghosh's Unishe April (1994) and Dahan (1997). This research paper aims to articulate the relationship of Bengali bhadralok masculinity and the scattered hegemonies of socio-cultural structures of domination and patriarchal systems operating on multiple levels in the Bengali context. The bhadralok politics of the yesteryears was built on a collusion with the colonial system and espoused a broad spectrum of ideologies, including nationalism, liberalism, and humanism. Scholarly writings on Rituparno Ghosh have documented gender politics with an implicit focus on the feminine and queer subjectivity. The arguments of the present paper depart from the idea that masculinity is a genderless and a reified construct. Through a specific focus on masculinity and the masculine ideology's nexus with gender social structuring, the present paper questions the invisibilization of masculine power, privilege, and performance. The bhadralok masculinity, though seemingly progressive and egalitarian, the embodiment preserves the patriarchal status quo of unequal gender relationships. Through an interrogation of the intersections of the changing bhadralok masculinities and its complex nexus with the changing social and cultural institutions across time and space, the study asserts that the cultured and sophisticated bhadralok gendered order is a failed political reconfiguration of masculinity.

The education sector in India was among the most affected sectors during the COVID-19 pandemic. While considerable attention has been paid to informal workers' return or reverse migration to their home communities, not much has been reported about the challenges faced by migrant students. Using a mixed-method approach, the current study presents an overview of internal student migration in India prior to the COVID-19 pandemic using data from the 2001 and 2011 Census of India and the 2007–2008 National Sample Survey Organization, and discusses challenges faced by selected migrant learners during the COVID-19 pandemic based on primary research. Based on the census data, nearly 3.3 million migrants in India move for study reasons with 2.9 million migrating within the state (with the duration of residence less than five years) from their last residence within India. The pattern of female student migration suggests an increasingly localized interdistrict migration. Findings from the qualitative data indicate that during the pandemic, students had compromised learning and placement experience, inadequate digital resources and pressure to repay loans. Student migrants experienced varying degrees of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic based on their destination and migration stream.

Why are social networks necessary at the place of destination? What roles do they play as a form of "social capital" for newly arrived migrants in urban centers? These are some relevant questions that scholars in migration studies have explored, especially in the context of international migration, but significant gaps exist in the case of internal migration. Using the migration history of the head of 400 households living in eight slum areas of Delhi, the present study attempts to differentiate the social networks available to the head of the households at their first arrival in Delhi based on the strong and weak ties and the caste-based network. The study also disentangles the role played by these social networks in providing social protection to household heads at their first arrival. The results show that social networks, especially strong family/kinship-based and caste-based networks, play an essential role in providing social protection by assisting newly arrived migrants with housing, food and information about employment.

Literary and critical theory has recently occupied themselves with the politics of location and there is an increased consciousness about the identities and cultures being constructed through culinary categories. Women are the sites where the presence of one culture in thought and world of the other are negotiated. Home has increasingly become a contested site with the political making inroads into the guarded sanctity of this personal space. The process is best observed the world over in the growing community of diaspora with geographical location not only making them review their perception of home and homeland, but also making it imperative for them to view the alternative as at par with the native. (Jain107).Divakaruni's novels deal with the quest for identity – individual and communal – and an emotional completion achieved by their fusing. Another feature of her novels is that she weaves a realism, divinity and mysticism into the commonplace reality of her female characters.Her experience of immigrating "caused Divakaruni to re-evaluate her homeland's culture, and specifically its treatment of women" (Sofky 1997). She weaves elements of the Indo- American experience and magic realism, combining the realistic and the cosmic. In The Mistress of Spices, Nayantara, the pirate queen, also called Sarpakanya,the oldone's apprentice, becomesTilottama in a journey which leaves her as Maya in the end. It is unknown what was or is the original nature of her spirit. She sails into amazing areas of experiences where transformations require more than time, distance, and desire.Women like Tilo, make diasporic journeys, and identify points in their search for identity. Divakaruni's novels are thus an adventurous expedition into the complex minds of women.