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Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- FORWORD -- PREFACE -- Contents -- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS -- Telecom and Marginality: Modern Technology to Prevent Marginalization? -- The Future of Marginal Regions: Networking, Knowhow and Integration as Motors for Regional Development -- Rural Area Typology in Finland-Marginality within Rural Areas -- Uncultivated Fields in Finland and Their Utilization Possibilities from the Point of View of Rural Landscape Management -- Journeys to Work in Finland -- The Norwegian "Location Act"-An Example of the Use of Symbols in Regional Policy -- Societal Impact of Tourism: Empirical Evidence from Norway -- Towards a New Micro- and Macroregional Fragmentation in Sweden -- Developing Musical Life in a Swedish County -- Evaluating Marginality through Agriculture Indicators -- Evaluating Marginality through Demographic Indicators -- The Study of a Marginal Area in the Extreme East of the Pyrenees Mountain Range: The Case of Portbou (Girona, Spain) -- Farm Development Routes in a Tuscan (Central Italy) Marginal Area -- A Methodological Proposal for Farm Classification -- Tradition and Modernization in the Agricultural Development of a Tuscan (Central Italy) Marginal Area: The Role of Advisory and Extension Services -- Regional Development and Policy Response in the Czech Republic -- Technological Development and Territorial Marginalization -- Micro-marginality in Michigan: Recent Patterns and and Trends -- Winds of Change on the U.S. Great Plains -- Grazing on Public Lands: A New Mexico Case Study -- Grassroots" Economic Development at San Luis, Colorado, USA -- Local Government Restructuring in Tasmania: Community Response and Attitudes to Development -- Marginality and Tenure: The Fertile Crescent and Africa -- Relations between a Depressed District and an Innovative Agro-industry.

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Part IPandemic Trapped World -- 1 COVID-19 Pandemic Trajectory: Challenges and Opportunities for India -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Pandemic Trajectory Around the Globe -- 1.3 COVID-19: The Challenges for India -- 1.3.1 The Acute Health Crisis -- 1.3.2 The Economic Recession -- 1.3.3 The Issues Concerning the 'Social Stigma' -- 1.4 The COVID-19 Crisis as the Catalyst for Change -- 1.4.1 An 'Opportunity' to Uplift Health Financing -- 1.4.2 Becoming Self-Reliant in PPE Production -- 1.4.3 Rediscovering the Agricultural Economy -- 1.4.4 A Shift Toward 'Localization' -- 1.4.5 A Real Push for Being 'Digital' -- 1.5 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Lessons from the Success Story: The Systematic Approach to Fight Against COVID-19 in Beijing -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Response of Beijing to the COVID-19 Pandemic -- 2.2.1 Specific Prevention and Control Measures -- 2.2.2 Effectiveness of Preventive and Control Measures -- 2.3 Lessons of the Prevention and Control of COVID-19 in Beijing -- 2.3.1 Cooperation of Government, Society, and Individual -- 2.3.2 Coordination of Anti-pandemic Production and Living -- 2.3.3 Combination of Coordination, Classification, and Collaboration -- 2.4 Suggestions -- 2.4.1 Strengthening the Coordinate Capacity of Government -- 2.4.2 Identifying Priorities for COVID-19 Pandemic Prevention and Control -- 2.4.3 Ensuring the Essential Production and Livelihood -- 2.4.4 Strengthening COVID-19 Dynamic Monitoring -- 2.4.5 Conducting COVID-19 Pandemic Prevention and Control Awareness Campaigns -- References -- 3 The Geography of COVID-19 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Conflicts, Tensions, and Challenges -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Pandemic Trajectory in Brazil.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Urban Health and Wellbeing: Emerging Trans-disciplinary Stream -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Value of Health -- 1.3 Definition and Concept of Health -- 1.3.1 Traditional Medical/Biostatistical Concept -- 1.3.2 The Concept of Health Given by WHO -- 1.3.3 The Ecological Concept of Health -- 1.3.4 The Holistic or Normative Concept of Health -- 1.3.5 Potential Alternative Universal Concepts of Health -- 1.4 Approaches to Geography of Health -- 1.5 From Medical to Health Geography -- 1.5.1 Medical Geography -- 1.5.2 Evolution -- 1.5.3 Health Geography -- 1.6 Measures and Indicators of Health -- 1.7 Contribution of Other Disciplines in Geography of Health and Medical Geography -- 1.8 National and International Institutional Mechanisms -- 1.9 Overview of Health in India -- 1.9.1 Effect of Air Pollution on Health in India -- 1.10 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 2 Research Background -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Conceptual Framework -- 2.3 Literature Review -- 2.3.1 Urban Environmental Change -- 2.3.2 Urban Heat Island -- 2.3.3 Impact of Changing Urban Environment on Urban Health -- 2.4 Study Area -- 2.4.1 Urban Environment of Delhi -- 2.4.2 Urban Environment of Mumbai -- 2.5 Research Questions -- 2.6 Objectives -- 2.7 Data Collection and Methodology -- 2.8 Limitations -- References -- 3 Geographical Background: Delhi and Mumbai -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Geographical Location -- 3.3 Early History and Cultural Evolution -- 3.4 Physiography -- 3.5 Drainage and Water Resources -- 3.6 Climate -- 3.7 Natural Resources -- 3.7.1 Forest and Tree Cover -- 3.7.2 Energy Resources -- 3.8 Demography -- 3.9 Transport Network and Vehicular Traffic -- 3.10 Health -- 3.11 Industrial Growth -- 3.12 Air Quality -- 3.13 Hazards and Disasters.

This book identifies and analyzes livelihood impacts of recent environmental and socio-economic changes in urban and rural settings of the mountainous state of Himachal Pradesh, northwestern Himalaya, India. The findings of the research deal with the broader objectives of the changing patterns of agricultural production with special reference to diversification, as well as forest-based livelihood outcomes, Clean Development Mechanism forest project activities, the roles of different ethnic groups and non-governmental organizations, and the benefits and shortcomings of tourism as a livelihood source. These tasks are studied by using an exploratory approach, with participant observation, interviews through random and cluster sampling among villagers, local land users, and officials, as well as with land cover interpretation and secondary statistical data. This book is relevant for educational use together with policy input on the issues exploring livelihood security in a rapidly growing developing country.

Appraising Visioning Sustainability for a Healthy and Happy Future -- Sustainable Health in Territorial Planning -- Food Consumption Patterns and Associated Health Risks in Douala Metropolis – Cameroon -- Geostatistical Study on Waterborne Disease Outbreak in India [2011-2020] -- Peri-urban Agriculture and Food Supply -- Gender Dimension of Child Malnutrition among Tribal Children in India -- Food Processing and Nutrition Delivery -- Undernutrition Among the Adult Tribal Populations of India: Review and Meta-analysis -- The Food and Nutrition Status in India: A Systematic Review -- Spirituality in Sustainable Mental Health Protection: Evidence from Vocational Training of Information Technology Professionals -- Physical Activity as a Vital Element of the Development of the Concept of Healthy Cities (SDG 3 and 11) with a Role of Local Governments (SDG 17) -- Body Mass Index and Healthy Lifestyle among Adolescent Girls: A Case Study on Delhi -- Can Doctor's Resource Allocation Improve Residents' Health?: Price, Quality, Patient Mobility -- The Role of Urban Gardening in Global Cities: Three Case Studies in Berlin, Rome and Tokyo -- Distributional Analysis and Access to Fresh Fruits and Vegetable Shops in Residential Neighborhoods of Birnin-Kebbi Metropolis, Nigeria: Implications for Informal Landuse Planning -- Nutrition, Lifestyle and Health Status among Tribal Communities: A Case Study of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group of Kerala -- Living with Reduced HIV/AIDS Stigma & Discrimination: A Grounded Theory Analysis of Infected Migrants -- Towards Sustainable Understanding of Health: Perception and Worldview on Erectile Dysfunction Nigeria -- An Integrated Enviro-Psychological Approach to Health. .

Conceptual and Contextual Scenario of Disaster Risk Reduction and Cyclonic Resilience -- Major Cyclonic Disasters in India -- The Application of Early Warning System in India -- Major Cyclonic Disasters in Bangladesh -- The Major Cyclonic disasters in Sri Lanka -- Policy and Governance Strategies for Effective Cyclone Risk Management in Odisha, India: A Journey from 1999 Super Cyclone -- Way forward and Resilience Development for Cyclone in South Asia. .

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 The World's Mountains in the Anthropocene -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Recent Climate Change and Its Effects in Major Mountain Systems of the World -- 1.2.1 Climatic Changes -- 1.2.1.1 General Overview -- 1.2.1.2 Regional Overview -- 1.2.2 Impacts on the Cryosphere and Hydrosphere -- 1.2.2.1 General Overview -- 1.2.2.2 Regional Overview -- 1.2.3 Biotic Responses -- 1.2.3.1 General Overview -- 1.2.3.2 Regional Overview -- 1.3 Effects of Land Use Changes in Major Mountain Systems of the World -- 1.3.1 General Overview -- 1.3.2 Regional Overview -- 1.4 Conclusions -- References -- Climate Change and Response Processes of Mountain Environments -- 2 Markers of Climate Change: Analysing Extreme Temperature Indices Over the Himalayan Mountains and Adjoining Punjab Plains -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Study Region -- 2.3 Database and Methodology -- 2.3.1 Database -- 2.3.2 Methodology -- 2.4 Results and Discussion -- 2.4.1 Intensity Indices -- 2.4.1.1 Hottest Day (TXx) -- 2.4.1.2 Warmest Night (TNx) -- 2.4.1.3 Coldest Day (TXn) -- 2.4.1.4 Coldest Night (TNn) -- 2.4.2 Frequency Indices -- 2.4.2.1 Summer Days (SU25) -- 2.4.2.2 Tropical Nights (TR20) -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Spatial Variations and Long-Term Trends (1901-2013) of Rainfall Across Uttarakhand Himalaya, India -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Data and Methods -- 3.2.1 Study Area -- 3.2.2 Database and Methodology -- 3.2.2.1 Trend Analysis -- 3.3 Results -- 3.3.1 Spatial Distribution of Rainfall -- 3.3.2 Spatial Patterns of Rainfall Trends -- 3.3.2.1 Rainfall Trends for 1901-1990 -- 3.3.2.2 Rainfall Trends for 1901-2013 -- 3.3.2.3 Rainfall Variability -- 3.4 Discussion -- 3.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity in Glaciers Response Across Western Himalaya.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I Urban Process, Vulnerability and Risk: Methods and Techniques -- 1 Systems Approach for Climate Change Impacts on Urban Health: Conceptual Framework, Modelling and Practice -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Human Health and Well-Being -- 1.2.1 Physical Body-Diseases -- 1.2.2 Mental Health -- 1.2.3 Spiritual Well-Being -- 1.2.4 Community Health -- 1.3 Elements and Structures of SES Subsystems in the Context of Human Health and Climate Changed World -- 1.3.1 Ecological (Bio-Physical) Systems -- 1.3.2 Social Systems -- 1.3.3 Economic Systems -- 1.3.4 Institutional System -- 1.4 Systems Thinking and Modelling for Human Health and Climate Change -- 1.4.1 Existing System Approaches for Health and Well-Being -- 1.4.2 Mapping of the Structure and Function of the System -- 1.4.3 Indicators and Variables in System Modelling -- 1.4.4 UrbanCLIM/RIDS Decision Support System -- 1.4.5 Model Library Strategies -- 1.4.6 Knowledge Management Tool -- 1.4.7 Community of Practice -- 1.5 Challenges and Opportunities -- References -- 2 "S.I.T.E" (Societal-Institutional-Technical-Economic) Valuation Framework: A Case of Drinking-Water Facilities and Services in Slum Areas of the Hyderabad Region, India -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Objectives -- 2.3 Supposition -- 2.4 Methodology -- 2.5 Study Area Analysis -- 2.5.1 Hyderabad City Profiling -- 2.5.2 Drinking-Water Facilities and Services in the Hyderabad Region -- 2.5.3 Drinking-Water Facilities and Services in Slum Areas of the Hyderabad Region -- 2.5.4 Decision-Making Process to Provide Drinking-Water Facilities and Services in Slum Areas of the Hyderabad Region -- 2.6 Findings -- 2.7 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Inequalities in Access to Water and Sanitation: A Case of Slums in Selected States of India -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Objectives -- 3.3 Database and Methodology.

This book covers themes related to the geosphere, biosphere, sociosphere and ecosphere dealing with changing geographical, environmental and socio-economic realities to plan a sustainable future for the northeast region (NER) of India. The NER consists of eight statesAssam, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya and Sikkimand they carry political, economic and social importance. The book integrates the past, present and future of geospheric attributes incorporating progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to meet the demands for improving human wellbeing under diverse and challenging socio-economic, political and environmental conditions. The key SDGs, as in food and agriculture, health, education, water, energy and other overarching goals of the region, have yet to incorporate providing sustainable jobs and promoting equality and inclusive development, although there have been a few studies in that regard. The challenges to achieve SDGs in the NER are formidable compared to the rest of India. The NER has put a great deal of effort into achieving the SDGs, mainly in poverty (SDG-1), good health (SDG-3), education (SDG-4), gender (SDG-5), decent work (SDG-8) and reduced inequalities (SDG-10), similar to the rest of the country. However, the standard development indicators such as road length, access to health care, power consumption and other measures are far below the national average. A multi-pronged strategy has played a pivotal role in the region, but development strategy to attain the SDGs 2030 must be more inclusive in empowering people with maximising self-governance, considering the resources, needs and aspirations of the people. This book evaluates the performance of the SDGs and fills in the gaps. It includes case studies focusing on different SDGs using advanced cartographic, statistical and GIS techniques and methods. It also provides unique findings that serve as valuable resources for planners and policy-makers so that a sustainable future in Northeast India can be achieved.