Background: The analysis of the European Union (EU28) health systems' intervention for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) reports an insufficient combination of legal support, prevention, and early diagnosis. This fact compromises the patient's health outcomes. The inclusion of pharmacy services oriented to T2DM (PS-T2DM) in strategic primary care network's programs could be a solution. However, the different regulatory frameworks that include good pharmaceutical practices and clinical guidelines for T2DM in each EU28 country may be a limitation. Health systems need to know the evolution of these community services and to analyze their operational and regulatory base, both in time and space. Methods: A systematic review was carried out on a qualitative and quantitative approach to the expansion and upgrading of PS-T2DM provided in EU28 pharmacies between 2008 and 2018. Results: The implementation of PS-T2DM in EU28 has increased sharply since 2009 and 2010. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is regulated in 5 countries (Bulgaria, Spain, Italy, Lithuania, and Portugal) and T2DM in 3 (Austria, Latvia, and Romania). Also, in 3 countries (Latvia, Poland, and Spain), pharmacists are involved in implementing guidelines for DM and T2DM, but there is no evidence on the regulation of PS-T2DM. Twenty-two countries showed detailed studies for the PS-T2DM's provision. The type of PS-T2DM implemented in the highest number of EU28 countries was "promoting the rational use of medicines," and the specific subtype T2DM-related more commonly reported was the "glucose measurement." Discussion/Conclusion: Pharmacy disease-oriented services contributed to improving the accessibility, proximity, and equity of primary care for T2DM provided in community pharmacies across the EU28 in recent decades. This promising strategy for improving health outcome sets may be a call to the action of health systems due to its impact consistent with some objectives of universal health coverage for the eradication of DM and T2DM. ; publishersversion ; published
ABSTRACT - Background: The analysis of the European Union (EU28) health systems' intervention for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) reports an insufficient combination of legal support, prevention, and early diagnosis. This fact compromises the patient's health outcomes. The inclusion of pharmacy services oriented to T2DM (PS-T2DM) in strategic primary care network's programs could be a solution. However, the different regulatory frameworks that include good pharmaceutical practices and clinical guidelines for T2DM in each EU28 country may be a limitation. Health systems need to know the evolution of these community services and to analyze their operational and regulatory base, both in time and space. Methods: A systematic review was carried out on a qualitative and quantitative approach to the expansion and upgrading of PS-T2DM provided in EU28 pharmacies between 2008 and 2018. Results: The implementation of PST2DM in EU28 has increased sharply since 2009 and 2010. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is regulated in 5 countries (Bulgaria, Spain, Italy, Lithuania, and Portugal) and T2DM in 3 (Austria, Latvia, and Romania). Also, in 3 countries (Latvia, Poland, and Spain), pharmacists are involved in implementing guidelines for DM and T2DM, but there is no evidence on the regulation of PS-T2DM. Twenty-two countries showed detailed studies for the PS-T2DM's provision. The type of PS-T2DM implemented in the highest number of EU28 countries was "promoting the rational use of medicines," and the specific subtype T2DM-related more commonly reported was the "glucose measurement." Discussion/Conclusion: Pharmacy disease-oriented services contributed to improving the accessibility, proximity, and equity of primary care for T2DM provided in community pharmacies across the EU28 in recent decades. This promising strategy for improving health outcome sets may be a call to the action of health systems due to its impact consistent with some objectives of universal health coverage for the eradication of DM and T2DM. ; RESUMO - Introdução: A análise da intervenção dos sistemas de saúde da União Europeia (UE28) para a diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (T2DM) relata uma combinação insuficiente em termos de apoio jurídico, prevenção e diagnóstico precoce da doença, o que compromete os resultados de saúde. A inclusão de serviços de cuidados farmacêuticos orientados para a T2DM (PS-T2DM) nos programas estratégicos da rede de cuidados de saúde primários pode ser uma solução. No entanto, a diferente estrutura reguladora, que inclui as boas práticas farmacêuticas e as diretrizes clínicas para T2DM de cada país da UE28 podem ser uma limitação. Os sistemas de saúde devem conhecer a evolução conjunta desses serviços e analisar a sua base operacional e regulatória, tanto no tempo quanto no espaço. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, numa abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, da expansão e atualização da prestação de PS-T2DM nas farmácias comunitárias da UE28 entre 2008 e 2018. Resultados: Houve um aumento do número e tipo de PS-T2DM na UE28 desde 2009-2010. A diabetes mellitus (DM) encontra-se regulada em 5 países (Bulgária, Espanha, Itália, Lituânia e Portugal) e a T2DM em 3 (Áustria, Letônia e Romênia). Além disso, em 3 países (Letônia, Polônia e Espanha) os farmacêuticos estão envolvidos na implementação das guidelines para a DM e T2DM, embora não haja evidências sobre a regulamentação dos PS-T2DM. Vinte e dois países mostraram estudos concretos para a prestação de PST2DM. O tipo de PS-T2DM implementado num maior número de países da UE28 foi "promoção do uso racional de medicamentos" e o subtipo específico para a T2DM mais comumente relatado foi a "medição de glicose". Discussão / Conclusão: A crescente contribuição para a melhoria da acessibilidade, proximidade e equidade dos cuidados primários para T2DM prestados em farmácias comunitárias em toda a UE28 nas últimas décadas deve-se à disponibilidade crescente de serviços orientados para a doença. Essa estratégia promissora do melhoramento dos resultados de saúde mostrou a possibilidade de ter um impacto positivo e consistente com alguns objetivos da cobertura universal de saúde para a erradicação da DM e da T2DM, assim como atuar como um apelo à ação dos sistemas de saúde. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
