Suchergebnisse

Front Cover -- NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER IN WATER -- NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER IN WATER: CHARACTERIZATION, TREATMENT METHODS, AND CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT -- Copyright -- Contents -- 1 - General introduction -- References -- 2 - Impact of climate and atmospheric pressures on natural organic matter concentration and surface water treatment ... -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Drivers of increasing DOC -- 2.2.1 Reductions in atmospheric acid deposition -- 2.2.2 Climate change pressures -- 2.2.2.1 Precipitation -- 2.2.2.2 Temperature -- 2.3 Predicting future DOC concentration under climate scenarios -- 2.4 Impact on water treatment -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- 3 - Characterization of natural organic matter -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 General parameters -- 3.2.1 Total organic carbon/dissolved organic carbon -- 3.2.2 Specific UV-absorbance -- 3.2.3 Polarity -- 3.3 Biological tests -- 3.4 Isolation and concentration -- 3.5 Fractionation -- 3.5.1 Resin and membrane fractionation -- 3.5.1.1 Resin fractionation -- 3.5.1.2 Membrane filtration -- 3.6 Spectroscopic methods -- 3.6.1 Ultraviolet and visible -- 3.6.2 Differential absorption -- 3.6.3 Fluorescence -- 3.6.4 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy -- 3.6.5 Nuclear magnetic resonance -- 3.6.6 1H NMR -- 3.6.7 13C NMR -- 3.7 Chromatographic methods -- 3.7.1 Size exclusion chromatography -- 3.7.1.1 Fractionation of NOM by size exclusion chromatography -- 3.7.1.2 Eluents and columns used for HPSEC measurements -- 3.7.1.3 Detectors used for HPSEC measurements -- 3.7.1.4 Determination of MW by HPSEC -- 3.7.1.5 HPSEC determinations in water treatment monitoring -- 3.7.2 Flow field-flow fractionation -- 3.7.3 Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography -- 3.7.3.1 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry -- 3.7.3.2 Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

The Circular Economy: Case Studies about the Transition from the Linear Economy explores examples of the circular economy in action. Unlike other books that provide narrow perceptions of wide-ranging and highly interconnected paradigms, such as supply chains, recycling, businesses models and waste management, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the circular economy from various perspectives. Its unique insights into the approaches, methods and tools that enable people to make the transformation to a circular economy show how recent research, trends and attitudes have moved beyond the "call to arms" approach to a level of maturity that requires sound scientific thinking

Intro -- Pesticides in the Natural Environment: Sources, Health Risks, and Remediation -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Classification of pesticides and loss of crops due to creepy crawlers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Crop losses due to pests -- 3. Pesticide classification -- 4. Classification based on chemical structure -- 4.1. Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) -- 4.2. Organophosphate pesticides (OPP) -- 4.3. Carbamate pesticides -- 4.4. Pyrethroid pesticides -- 5. Classification based on mode of entry -- 5.1. Systematic pesticides -- 5.2. Contact pesticides -- 5.3. Fumigants -- 5.4. Stomach poisons and toxicants -- 5.5. Repellents -- 6. Classification based on target pest -- 7. Based on pesticide toxicity -- 8. Pesticide contamination, implications, and environmental impacts -- 9. Summary -- Chapter 2: Ecological impacts of pesticides on soil and water ecosystems and its natural degradation process -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Persistence and circulation of pesticides in the ecosystem -- 3. Bioaccumulation of chemical pesticides in the food cycle -- 4. Pesticides and their mode of action -- 4.1. Action on nerve and muscle -- 4.1.1. Carbamate and organophosphate -- 4.1.2. Neonicotinoid -- 4.1.3. Organochlorine, avermectins, and bifenazate -- 4.1.4. Pyrethrins and pyrethroids -- 4.2. Target on growth inhibition -- 4.3. Target on the energy source -- 4.4. Bioprocessing of pesticides in animals -- 4.5. Pesticide impacts on soil ecosystem -- 4.6. Pesticide impacts on water ecosystem -- 4.7. Impacts of pesticides on human health -- 4.7.1. Acute health impacts on human -- 4.7.2. Chronic health effects -- 4.7.3. Pesticide impacts on youngsters -- 4.8. Familiar pesticides and their health effects -- 4.9. Natural degradation process -- 4.10. Detoxification of pesticides by bacteria -- 4.11. Enzymes involved in biodegradation of pesticides.

AbstractEconomic growth and the rapid increase in the world population has led to a greater need for natural resources, which in turn, has put pressure on said resources along with the environment. Water, food, and energy, among other resources, pose a huge challenge. Numerous essential resources, including organic substances and valuable nutrients, can be found in wastewater, and these could be recovered with efficient technologies. Protein recovery from waste streams can provide an alternative resource that could be utilized as animal feed. Membrane separation, adsorption, and microbe-assisted protein recovery have been proposed as technologies that could be used for the aforementioned protein recovery. This present study focuses on the applicability of different technologies for protein recovery from different wastewaters. Membrane technology has been proven to be efficient for the effective concentration of proteins from waste sources. The main emphasis of the present short communication is to explore the possible strategies that could be utilized to recover or restore proteins from different wastewater sources. The presented study emphasizes the applicability of the recovery of proteins from various waste sources using membranes and the combination of the membrane process. Future research should focus on novel technologies that can help in the efficient extraction of these high-value compounds from wastes. Lastly, this short communication will evaluate the possibility of integrating membrane technology. This study will discuss the important proteins present in different industrial waste streams, such as those of potatoes, poultry, dairy, seafood and alfalfa, and the possible state of the art technologies for the recovery of these valuable proteins from the wastewater.
Graphical abstract

Microplastics Occurrence in Different Regions Around the World -- Microplastics pollution in rivers -- Microplastics in freshwater environments and drinking water -- The role of rivers in microplastics spread and pollution -- Microplastics pollution in coastal zones -- A Critical Review on Separation, Identification, Quantification and Removal of Microplastics in Environmental samples: Developments and Challenges -- Pretreatment methods for further analysis of microplastics in wastewater and sludge samples -- Microplastics Sampling and Recovery: Materials, Identification, Characterization Methods and Challenges -- Ecotoxicity assessment of microplastics on aquatic life -- Occurrence, fate and removal of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) -- Microplastic pollution in water and their removal in various wastewater treatment plants -- An Overview of Physical, Chemical and Biological Methods for Removal of Microplastics -- Microplastics and anaerobic digestion -- Role Of Microplastics As Attachment Media For The Growth Of Microorganisms.

An authoritative and comprehensive volume of knowledge and green technologies wholly focused on the future of the bioeconomy. The authors present data, show opportunities, discuss R & D findings, analyze strategies, assess the wider economic impact, showcase achievements, criticize policies and propose solutions for the green revolution in biofuels, biochemicals and biomaterials? production and power generation. A fascinating range of case studies from the US, China and many European countries are used to inform readers about the impact of this field on society and how various technologies are currently being implemented. Additionally, the role of industry on this green industrial revolution is outlined with contributions from several major companies such as DuPont (US), UPM-Kymmene Oy (Finland), Anhui BBCA Biochemical Co (China).

Abstract
Objective
The use of nanotechnologies is important to reduce environmental health problems in Iran, so the present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of nanotechnologies in environmental health. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study for 11-year periods (2008–2018) on all articles published in three specialized journals of environmental health with emphasis on the use of nanotechnologies in various fields of environmental health (water, air, sewage, waste, food, radiation, etc).

Results
In this study, 774 articles related to 114 issues of 3 specialized environmental health journals were reviewed. A review of 774 articles showed that 80 articles (10.3%) were published in the field of nanotechnologies. Out of 80 articles published in the field of nanotechnology, 66 articles (82.5%) were published on the subject of water, 9 articles (11.3%) on wastewater and 5 articles (6.2%) on air pollution. Subject review of articles showed that articles using carbon nanotubes to remove natural organic pollutants, surfactants, hydroxybenzenes, phenol, dimethyl phthalates, use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, iron-magnesium nanoparticles for wastewater treatment, Silver nanoparticles were used to remove air pollution. The results showed that published articles on nanotechnology in the field of environmental health were few.

As a new and rapidly growing science, the applications of ultrasound methods in environmental technology hold a promising future. Compared to conventional methods, ultrasonication can bring several benefits such as being environmentally friendly (no toxic chemical are used or produced), low cost, and compact, allowing on-site treatment. Besides an overview featuring the background behind ultrasonic technology, this brief summarizes the main studies and innovations reported in recent research that has utilized ultrasound methods in environmental analysis, water, and sludge treatment, soil and sediment remediation to air purification.