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This article consists of five major parts. It includes the analysis of politics and international cooperation on climate change and the legal environmental scenario and implementation, trends and litigation concerns faced by climate change. The Paris Agreement of Climate Change (2015) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nation are the two main players at the global level to target greenhouse gas emissions as a voluntary framework. These guiding principles relating to the environment for sustainable development are evolving over time and did not shape as customary law. The ultimate solution lies in understanding the problem intensity through growing scientific facts about the impacts of climate change.

Children do laborious work because of many reasons out of which the most important is the pressure to help the family escaping from extreme poverty. Though the children are not given adequate payment for their work and the children prove to be the dominant shareholders to family income especially in developing nations. According to Maple Croft report, Pakistan was placed at 6th position out of top 10 countries in which child labor is in its worst condition. Keeping in view that scenario the present study is aimed to identify the socio-economic effect of child employment laws in reducing child labor. The study was conducted in Sargodha District of Punjab. Multistage sampling was used for data collection. Study employed descriptive design. Study population included all the poor people living in rural areas of district Sargodha. From four randomly selected villages, thirty poor people were selected purposively from each village for the collection of data. Thus, study sample consisted of total 120 poor families whose children were doing laborious work. Structured interview schedule was developed with continuous guidance and supervision of field experts. Panel of experts determined content and face validity of the research instrument. Cronbach's alpha value was used to check reliability of instrument. Data was collected through personal interviews. Data thus collected was analyzed and different statistical techniques were applied to explain the results of the study.

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the traditional pedagogical educational system worldwide. The story of Pakistan is also not different from that of the rest of the world. Pakistan's higher education institutes were closed for classes due to the outbreak. Some universities started the virtual education system, and it is critically important to assess the behavioral intentions of university students toward online education during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. This is the first study investigating students' responses to online education during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted to obtain the students' responses from the higher institutions providing online classes during COVID-19. The results were evaluated using multivariate analysis and descriptive statistics. It was observed that there is a significant difference between male and female students concerning the positive consequences of COVID-19 on students. According to the findings, the students' intentions for online education are more concerned with saving time to complete the degree program. Higher education institutions should also provide online educational opportunities to students besides traditional physical modes. Online educational interventions will be helpful for students during unavoidable circumstances like political instabilities, natural disasters, viral disease outbreaks, etc. to complete degrees and diplomas. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-SIED1-02 Full Text: PDF