Suchergebnisse

Not Available ; In sheep, brucellosis is mainly caused by Brucella melitensis which is an important reproductive disease and is characterized by abortion in the fourth or fifth month of gestation, stillbirths and reproductive failure. The Rev.1 live B. melitensis vaccine is the most widely used vaccine in control programs against brucellosis in small ruminants in different parts of the world. This vaccine however shows a considerable degree of virulence and induces abortions. In India, B. melitensis Rev.1 vaccine for small ruminants is officially not recommended by the Government of India. Present study reports B. melitensis Rev.1 vaccinal antibodies detection in breeding sheep flock due to use of Brucella melitensis Rev1 vaccine. We investigated an organized sheep flock located in the southern part of India, consisting around 1200 sheep of breeds like Rambouillet and Bannur local breed ewes (600), Rambouillet lamb (300), crossbreds of Rambouillet and Dorper (200) and Rams (100) by random sampling of forty six sheep (vaccinated-20 and unvaccinated-26) in order to detect antibodies against B. melitensis Rev-1 vaccinal strain. Among 20 vaccinated sheep serum samples tested, 19 (95%) and 13 (65%) and 19 (95%) were positive for anti Brucella antibodies by RBPT, SAT and iELISA respectively which is a major drawback of Rev-1 vaccine. This study further emphasized the need to initiate the control strategy in terms of suitable vaccines against B. melitensis in India in order to prevent import of Rev-1 vaccine by the farmers. ; Not Available

Not Available ; In sheep, brucellosis is mainly caused by Brucella melitensis which is an important reproductive disease and is characterized by abortion in the fourth or fifth month of gestation, stillbirths and reproductive failure. The Rev.1 live B. melitensis vaccine is the most widely used vaccine in control programs against brucellosis in small ruminants in different parts of the world. This vaccine however shows a considerable degree of virulence and induces abortions. In India, B. melitensis Rev.1 vaccine for small ruminants is officially not recommended by the Government of India. Present study reports B. melitensis Rev.1 vaccinal antibodies detection in breeding sheep flock due to use of Brucella melitensis Rev1 vaccine. We investigated an organized sheep flock located in the southern part of India, consisting around 1200 sheep of breeds like Rambouillet and Bannur local breed ewes (600), Rambouillet lamb (300), crossbreds of Rambouillet and Dorper (200) and Rams (100) by random sampling of forty six sheep (vaccinated –20 and unvaccinated– 26) in order to detect antibodies against B.melitensis Rev–1 vaccinal strain. Among 20 vaccinated sheep serum samples tested, 19 (95%) and 13 (65%) and 19 (95%) were positive for anti Brucella antibodies by RBPT, SAT and iELISA respectively which is a major drawback of Rev–1 vaccine. This study further emphasized the need to initiate the control strategy in terms of suitable vaccines against B. melitensis in India in order to prevent import of Rev–1 vaccine by the farmers ; Not Available

Not Available ; Brucellosis in small ruminants caused mainly due to Brucella melitensis is an important zoonotic disease characterized by abortion, retained placenta, infertility, orchitis, epididymitis and rarely arthritis. Small ruminants are the main source of economy for the rural and marginally poor farmers and brucellosis is resulting in huge economic losses due to abortions and infertility and causing public health concern among the small ruminant keepers. Bovine brucellosis control programme has been implemented in India and small ruminants are left out of the programme mainly due to paucity of brucellosis status. The present cross sectional study based on stratified random sampling was undertaken during 2017 to18 to provide the nationwide brucellosis seroprevalence in small ruminants. A total of 24056 small ruminant serum samples sheep samples 8,103 [male 2,440 and female 5,663] and goat samples 15,953 [male 4331 and female 11,622] sourced from 27 out of 29 states and two out of seven union territories (UTs), 350 districts of total 640 districts (54.68% of the Indian districts) and from 1462 villages out of 640867 villages (43.83% of the Indian villages). The serum samples were tested by indirect ELISA and overall brucellosis apparent and true prevalence of 7.45 (95% CI 7.13 to 7.79) and 3.79 (95% CI 3.44 to 4.17) was recorded. Significantly higher brucellosis seroprevalence (p less than .0001) was observed in sheep (11.55%) than goats (5.37%). Similarly, brucellosis seropositivity was highly significant in females compared to males in both sheep and goats. Countrywide, greater than 5% brucellosis seroprevalence in sheep and goats was recorded in 14 and 10 states, respectively, indicating endemicity of the disease. The study provided the latest update on nationwide spatial seroprevalence of small ruminant brucellosis which will aid government to strengthen regular surveillance and vaccination to reduce the disease burden and public health problems in the country. ; Not Available

Brucellosis in small ruminants caused mainly due to Brucella melitensis is an important zoonotic disease characterized by abortion, retained placenta, infertility, orchitis, epididymitis and rarely arthritis. Small ruminants are the main source of economy for the rural and marginally poor farmers and brucellosis is resulting in huge economic losses due to abortions and infertility and causing public health concern among the small ruminant keepers. Bovine brucellosis control programme has been implemented in India and small ruminants are left out of the programme mainly due to paucity of brucellosis status. The present cross‐sectional study based on stratified random sampling was undertaken during 2017–18 to provide the nationwide brucellosis sero‐prevalence in small ruminants. A total of 24,056 small ruminant serum samples (sheep samples = 8,103 [male—2,440 and female—5,663] and goat samples = 15,953 [male—4,331 and female—11,622]) sourced from 27 out of 29 states and two out of seven union territories (UTs), 350 districts of total 640 districts (54.68% of the Indian districts) and from 1,462 villages out of 6,40,867 villages (43.83% of the Indian villages). The serum samples were tested by indirect ELISA and overall brucellosis apparent and true prevalence of 7.45 (95% CI: 7.13–7.79) and 3.79 (95% CI: 3.44–4.17) was recorded. Significantly higher brucellosis sero‐prevalence (p < .0001) was observed in sheep (11.55%) than goats (5.37%). Similarly, brucellosis seropositivity was highly significant in females compared to males in both sheep and goats. Countrywide, greater than 5% brucellosis sero‐prevalence in sheep and goats was recorded in 14 and 10 states, respectively, indicating endemicity of the disease. The study provided the latest update on nationwide spatial sero‐prevalence of small ruminant brucellosis which will aid government to strengthen regular surveillance and vaccination to reduce the disease burden and public health problems in the country. ; Not Available

Not Available ; Brucellosis is an important zoonosis worldwide. In livestock, it frequently causes chronic disease with reproductive failures that contribute to production losses, and in humans, it causes an often-chronic febrile illness that is frequently underdiagnosed in many low- and middle-income countries, including India. India has one of the largest ruminant populations in the world, and brucellosis is endemic in the country in both humans and animals. In November 2017, the International Livestock Research Institute invited experts from government, national research institutes, universities, and different international organizations to a one-day meeting to set priorities towards a "One Health" control strategy for brucellosis in India. Using a risk prioritization exercise followed by discussions, the meeting agreed on the following priorities: collaboration (transboundary and transdisciplinary); collection of more epidemiological evidence in humans, cattle, and in small ruminants (which have been neglected in past research); Economic impact studies, including cost effectiveness of control programmes; livestock vaccination, including national facilities for securing vaccines for the cattle population; management of infected animals (with the ban on bovine slaughter, alternatives such as sanctuaries must be explored); laboratory capacities and diagnostics (quality must be assured and better rapid tests developed); and increased awareness, making farmers, health workers, and the general public more aware of risks of brucellosis and zoonoses in general. Overall, the meeting participants agreed that brucellosis control will be challenging in India, but with collaboration to address the priority areas listed here, it could be possible. ; Not Available

Brucellosis is an important zoonosis worldwide. In livestock, it frequently causes chronic disease with reproductive failures that contribute to production losses, and in humans, it causes an often-chronic febrile illness that is frequently underdiagnosed in many low- and middle-income countries, including India. India has one of the largest ruminant populations in the world, and brucellosis is endemic in the country in both humans and animals. In November 2017, the International Livestock Research Institute invited experts from government, national research institutes, universities, and different international organizations to a one-day meeting to set priorities towards a "One Health" control strategy for brucellosis in India. Using a risk prioritization exercise followed by discussions, the meeting agreed on the following priorities: collaboration (transboundary and transdisciplinary); collection of more epidemiological evidence in humans, cattle, and in small ruminants (which have been neglected in past research); Economic impact studies, including cost effectiveness of control programmes; livestock vaccination, including national facilities for securing vaccines for the cattle population; management of infected animals (with the ban on bovine slaughter, alternatives such as sanctuaries must be explored); laboratory capacities and diagnostics (quality must be assured and better rapid tests developed); and increased awareness, making farmers, health workers, and the general public more aware of risks of brucellosis and zoonoses in general. Overall, the meeting participants agreed that brucellosis control will be challenging in India, but with collaboration to address the priority areas listed here, it could be possible.