Suchergebnisse

China's rapid economic development and improvement in living standards have led to a boom in its outbound tourism industry. In 2008, China's outbound tourism expenditure reached USD36.2 billion, ranking fifth in the world. Under the impact of the global economic crisis, outbound tourism is not only a source of revenue to other countries, but also a type of "gift" by China's leaders when they go abroad on official visits. While China is home to an enormous tourist market with high consumption potential, its authoritarian regime and state-owned travel agency have enabled it to exert control over the flow of outbound tourists. These two measures of control have become China's bargaining chip in diplomacy and the work of a "united front". Between 2008 and 2009, China put a damper on outbound travel to Macau and Kaohsiung, Taiwan, validating that its control over outbound tourism is both an economic boost and a threat to other countries. (CIJ/GIGA)

As the largest holder of foreign exchange reserves in the world, Mainland China established its first Sovereign Wealth Fund in 2007, which attracted considerable international attention immediately. On one hand, the scale of sovereign wealth funds had reached US 200 million $, which is the sixth highest in the world; on the other hand, China's sovereign wealth funds became active funds for investment under the global financial crisis occurred in 2008 when many countries were facing fund shortage. From the viewpoint of Independence Theory, this study investigated the positive political and economic benefits of China's sovereign wealth funds, as well as its problems, and proposed suggestions for its future development. Adapted from the source document.

美國總統川普2017年上任後,首要任務為促使製造業回流美國、平衡美中貿易逆差、並遏止中國對美國知識產權的侵害,為此發起針對中國之貿易戰,也是21世紀美、中兩國最大的衝突。本文透過美國學者艾利森提出之理性、組織行為與政府政治等三種決策模式作為分析架構,探討川普個人與其幕僚是如何作出美中貿易戰之決策。首先,川普個人意識型態鮮明,個人決策主要受到鷹派幕僚影響;其次,美國白宮幕僚辦公室為決策核心單位,具有高度的執行靈活度;第三、川普運用意識型態相近的幕僚,故貿易戰核心決策幕僚同質性高,能有效率地執行各項事務;第四、川普發動美中貿易戰主要目的為鞏固其領導權力,並尋求於2020年美國總統大選中連任。 ; After taking office in 2017, President Donald Trump's mission is clear: to promote the manufacturing industry return to the United States, balance the US-China trade deficit, and stop China from infringing on U.S. intellectual property. To deliver campaign promises, President Donald Trump initiated a trade war against China, which is the biggest conflict between the United States and China in the 21st century. The present thesis focused on how U.S.-China trade war decisions were made by applying the rational model, organizational behavior model, and government politics model, which were proposed in "Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis" by Graham Allison. By utilizing decision-making models, the present thesis analyzed how President Trump and his cabinet members made trade war decisions. The result showed that, first, Trump 's ideology is distinct, and his personal decisions are mainly influenced by his hawkish staff; second, the White House Office is the core trade war decision-making unit and has a high degree of flexibility in execution; third, the ideology of Trump and his staff is highly homogeneous and can effectively execute various trade war affairs; fourth, Trump 's main purpose in launching the U.S.-China trade war is to consolidate his leadership and re-election in the 2020 US presidential election.