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Obituary

Obituary

The Development Bank of Ethiopia is a specialized financial institution established to promote the national development agenda through development finance and close technical support to viable projects from the priority areas of the government by mobilizing fund from domestic and foreign sources while ensuring its sustainability. While financing development projects, however, the bank faces different, in their nature and causes, kinds of problems. One of these problems is delay in project implementation resulting cost overrun, repeated additional loan and loan repayment rescheduling request. The purpose of the study was to assess the causes for project implementation delay. This study investigates the causes of delay in project implementation for DBE financed projects to determine the most important according to the key project participants; internal (bank and project owners) and external factors. The research identifies and analyses whether the major causes of project implementation delay are attributed to project owner related factor or the Banks related factor or whether delay is attributed to some external factors such as government, supplier and contactor related factors like poor customs clearing, infrastructure problems, delays in the procurement machineries and materials required for the projects., rework due to design errors etc. The target populations (projects) for the study were selected from DBE Head Office financed projects and 68 projects were selected as sample for the study purpose. For this study 136 respondents from DBE and different Projects were selected. The study used both primary and secondary data collection methods. The primary data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. Secondary data was derived from the project's files, recorded documents by bank and different documents such as annual reports, journals, articles, various books, websites, other published and unpublished sources and relevant documents. The data from the completed questionnaires was studied, re-coded and entered into the computer using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze quantitative data. The descriptive statistics included standard deviation, means and percentages. The quantitative collected data was analyzed by establishing the regression tools of the various factors identified as causes for project implementation delay. The results of the study showed that project implementation is negatively affected by owners, bank and external related causes. As a result if project implementation delay is occurred and continued, the bank will not be able to collect its loan on time which ultimately may lead to loss in the operation of the bank

Addis Ababa city is experiencing rapid expansion and population growth. Following the population growth the demand for employment opportunities is getting much higher than the supply of jobs. In addition to this the expansion of the city could not significantly respond to the demand for shelter. These key problems of employment opportunity and housing shortage are becoming a challenge to urban citizens in Addis Ababa. Unless these evils are tackled, the desired fruits of development i.e. improved quality of urban citizen's life will not be realized. None of urban institutions could resolve these problems individually but individual actions need to be coordinated, road blocks cleared and challenges tackled by different institutions having different in some cases overlapping roles. This thesis aims at exploring the government institutions' role of enabling the private sector and NGO's & Private Company's contribution in tackling unemployment and housing shortages. The role of one NGO, WISE, and one private company, Sunshine construction PLC, were taken in this thesis to see their individual and coordinated action in tackling unemployment and housing shortage in Addis Ababa. This resulted in-depth understanding of the problem and recommending possible solutions. The thesis has revealed that the level of unemployment in Addis Ababa is significantly high, the absence of employment policy and coordinated action caste its shadow on the efforts of government in tackling unemployment. Similarly, there has been no coordinating organ of the housing sector that synergizes individual efforts and clear obstacles. Moreover the supply of land is a bit of a challenge that negatively affecting the supply of housing. Strong collaboration and partnership among the NGOs, private firms and the government organs responsible for housing and employment believed to bring about a positive change in the labour market and housing development

The balanced scorecard has been largely used as strategy and performance framework in private sector organizations throughout the world. After the introduction of New Public Management, it started t o be us ed in pu blic a nd non-profit o rganizations in o rder t o f acilitate t he p erformance management process. I n spite o f t he increase in t he number o f studies a bout its usefulness a nd futility for t he p rivate s ector, there is still a need t o test the f easibility o f t he B SC a s a management framework in the government and non-profit domain. The BSC in public sector is recently criticized concerning lack of cause-and-effect relationships, lack o f c larity, and failure t o c onsider some t ypes o f stakeholders ( Johanson e t a l. 2006 ; Norreklit 2000, 2003). Other researchers/scholars have also raised questions regarding the BSC's effectiveness ( Othman e t a l. 2006) a nd t he a dequacy o f B SC in varying c ircumstances a nd differing firm types (Maltz et al. 2003). As o f 2 010 t he balanced scorecard car d ( BSC) strategy a nd p erformance framework has be en implemented in many public sector organizations in Ethiopia. Hence the researcher is motivated to investigate the practice and challenges o f BSC design a nd implementation in Ethiopia public sector i n case o f Ethiopian Revenue and Customs Authority as statement o f t he problem (The Ministry of Capacity Building report, 2005). The E thiopian R evenues a nd C ustoms Authority (E RCA) is federal g overnment a gency established in 2008 w ith pr oclamation N o. 587/ 2008 to ad ministrate f ederal g overnment t ax jurisdiction and enforce customs laws (proclamation No. 587/2008). The g eneral o bjective o f t he r esearch is t o a ssess t he p ractice & identify the ch allenges of balanced s corecard building & its implementation in E RCA a s change, c ommunication and strategic management t ool. To w hat e xtent the strategic p erformance management t ools t hat is BSC d esigned a nd implemented ap propriately; a nd w hat ar e t he strengths, w eaknesses, challenges, and lessons of the design and implementing BSC project are the research questions to be e xamined. Hopefully the result o f t his investigation w ill contribute to solve problems related to the design and implementation of the BSC in other public organization. The scope is limited in the BSC building and its implementation. The main limitation of this study lies in its application to a v ery s ingular t ype o f o rganization t hat operates as a d river t o i mprove t he e fficiency a nd nimbleness of other public organizations. D ocument review w as t he p rimary t echnique o f d ata collection, b esides questionnaire and i nterview w ere also us ed t o ga ther data. O n t he d ata presentation, t he top m anagement c ommitment, six st eps of building B SC a nd three s teps of implementing BSC (System roll out) are comprehensively reviewed. In t he s ummery o f finding t here ar e quite a significant s trength in t he t op m anagement commitment and sizeable weakness and strength throughout the nine steps of BSC building and its implementation o r s ystem r olls o ut. I n t he concluding r emarks basically t here is a q uite considerable pr oblem in t he design a nd implementation o f B SC in E RCA. Accordingly t he recommendation is forwarded to tackle problems

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays an important role as an engine of employment, technological development, productivity enhancement, economic intensification, and more importantly, as an instrument of technology transfer, specially from developed to developing countries. The Government of Ethiopia having realized the inadequacy of the domestic capital and low national saving, opened several economic sectors to foreign investors. The government has also issued several investment incentives, including tax holidays, duty free import of capital goods and export tax exemption to encourage foreign investment. The very essence of this research is assessing the contributions of FDI to the development of SZO in terms of local employement creation, generation of revenue, transfer of technology, linkage with domestic firms in boosting local productivity.It assessed the effectiveness of FDI in the development of SZO and at the same time challenges that hinder the effectiveness of FDI were also identified.SZO is one of the investment potentioal zone found at the very vicinity of Addis Ababa. This study employed mixed research method where both qualitative and quantitave data were used in the assessment.Questionnaires and interview were the main instruments used to gather first hand information from experts, FDI owners and key officials of zonal investment offices and regional investment Commission.The sampling methods used were both probability and non probability sampling. Purposive sampling was used to select experts with better knowledge and information from different sectoral offices. FDI owners were selected randomly from 53 FDIs operating in different sectors. The study sample includes 60 experts from different offices, 18 FDI owners and two officials.Totaly 80 respondents were involved in this study. The result of this study indicated that the contribution of FDI to the development of SZO has been constrained by various challenges of infrastructure, institutional buearucracy, and other organizational and human elements.Therefore it requires an effective mitigation of those challenges and impediments enhancing basic infrastructure provision, training and developing skilled manpower,institutional reforms,enforcement of technology transfer and timely implementation of projects, regular environmental auditing as well as a continous follow up or monitoring for effective implementation of FDI projects to exploite all the benefits of FDI

Review

Review

Review

The knowledge of the reign of Yohannes II (r. May 10, 1769–October 15, 1769) is so far based on a brief account in Bruce's book. This account, however, contains errors (that Yohannes II was poisoned to death). This paper brings to light an Ethiopian document (a brief contemporary chronicle) on the short-lived reign of this man. It is published with a translation and annotation.On the basis of a careful examination of the chronicle and the other fragmentary information we obtain from Salt, we conclude in this paper that firstly Yohannes was not poisoned to death (he rather died a natural death) and secondly the story of the amputation of his arm by Bekfa should at best be treated with caution because there is evidence that throws doubt on its veracity.

The knowledge of the reign of Yohannes II (r. May 10, 1769–October 15, 1769) is so far based on a brief account in Bruce's book. This account, however, contains errors (that Yohannes II was poisoned to death). This paper brings to light an Ethiopian document (a brief contemporary chronicle) on the short-lived reign of this man. It is published with a translation and annotation.On the basis of a careful examination of the chronicle and the other fragmentary information we obtain from Salt, we conclude in this paper that firstly Yohannes was not poisoned to death (he rather died a natural death) and secondly the story of the amputation of his arm by Bekfa should at best be treated with caution because there is evidence that throws doubt on its veracity.