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PurposeThis paper aims to examine the influence of individual internal principles and perceived external factors on the ethical attitudes toward environmental practices, on the part of Taiwanese environmental business managers.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis of 295 pretest samples, moral intensity on environmental issues was divided into "perception of environmental harm" and "perceived immediacy and stress". Following this, a questionnaire survey of environmental managers from the top 1,000 enterprises was conducted with 203 valid samples analyzed by a structural equation model.FindingsThe research findings demonstrated that moral intensity concerning environmental issues is not as significant as expected, and had less influence than environmental ethics. Assuming that part of the reason for this is that moral intensity is generally based on a viewpoint of teleology, the paper proposes some discussion and suggestions.Research limitations/implicationsSome limitations existed during this research, especially in the data collection or analyzing process. However, besides teleology, there are many other viewpoints of moral philosophy.Practical implicationsEnvironmental ethics is regarded as an internal principle, whereas the perceived moral intensity of managers on environmental issues is treated as an external factor. People's ethical decisions might be based on different views of moral philosophy such as teleology, deontology, or virtue ethics.Originality/valueSince there was no suitable questionnaire related to moral intensity on environmental issues in the past, the paper presents a new questionnaire which used exploratory factor analysis to allocate moral intensity concerning environmental issues into two components: "perception of environmental harm" and "perceived immediacy and stress".

Our aim in this study was to probe into the factors of team members' team commitment in order to determine if members' teamwork behaviors significantly influence their trust, and if the members' perception of team support influences their attitude or behavior within a team. A total
of 548 questionnaires were distributed to teams participating in competitions, and 206 valid samples were collected (rate of return = 38%). The results of structural equation modeling showed that teamwork behaviors, trust, and perceived team support significantly influenced team commitment,
teamwork behaviors significantly influenced trust among the members, and perceived team support significantly influenced teamwork behaviors, trust, and team commitment.