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Background: Concern has existed for many years about the extensive use of hospitals by dying persons. In recent years, however, a potential shift out of hospital has been noticed in a number of developed countries, including Canada. In Canada, where high hospital occupancy rates and corresponding long waits and waitlists for hospital care are major socio-political issues, it is important to know if this shift has continued or if hospitalized death and dying remains predominant across Canada. Methods: Recent individual-anonymous population-level inpatient Canadian hospital data were analyzed to answer two questions: (1) what proportion of deaths in provinces and territories across Canada are occurring in hospital now? and (2) who is dying in hospital now? Results: In 2014–2015, 43.9% of all deaths in Canada (excluding Quebec) occurred in hospital. However, considerable cross-Canada differences in end-of-life hospital utilization were found. Some cross-Canada differences in hospital decedents were also noted, although most were older, male, and they died during a relatively short hospital stay after being admitted from their homes and through the emergency department after arriving by ambulance. Conclusion: Over half of all deaths in Canada are occurring outside of hospital now. Cross-Canada hospital utilization and inpatient decedent differences highlight opportunities for enhanced end-of-life care service planning and policy advancements.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Figures and Tables -- Contributors -- 1 Introduction: Gamification in Tourism – The Cutting- Edge Trend in Tourism -- Part 1: Gamification Theories -- 2 Gamification, Game Mechanics, Game Thinking and Players' Profile and Life Cycle -- 3 Understanding Games and Gamified Experiences: The MAPS-AIM Model -- 4 Gamification: Practices, Benefits and Challenges -- Part 2: Gamification Application and Case Studies -- 5 Gamification Applications in Hospitality and Airline Industries: A Unified Gamification Model -- 6 Innovating the Restaurant Industry: The Gamification of Business Models and Customer Experiences -- 7. Destination Marketing via Gamification: A Case Study of the Austria Adventure Game -- 8 Gamification and Geocaching for Tourism Destinations: Marketing Madeira, Portugal -- 9 Advergaming in Tourism: Spanish Cases -- 10 Pokémon GO: Serious Leisure and Game-Playing Tourists -- 11 Playfulness and Game Play: Using Geocaching to Engage Young People's Well-being in a National Park -- 12 Gamification: Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality Games and Tourism Marketing Applications -- 13 Conclusion -- Index