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Health care spending is one of the crucial elements for ensuring universal health coverage in Bangladesh. The main purpose of the policy analysis report is to find out policy option of health care spending for ensuring universal health coverage in Bangladesh by 2030. The underlying objectives of the study are to examine the effectiveness of existing national health policy to ensure universal health coverage for the people of Bangladesh, to evaluate the current health care spending and to develop alternative policy for ensuring universal health coverage 2030. The policy analysis report has been prepared based on identifying the policy problems from the existing content, document research and organizational records and in doing so the multi-goal policy analysis approach and the criteria of measurement set against the goals and objectives of the policy. Data and information of this policy analysis have been accumulated and presented from various secondary sources. The major findings of the policy analysis can be noted that the policy alternative as policy intervention as such introducing multiple health protection schemes and create health protection fund especially for the people living below poverty line for ensuring universal health coverage in Bangladesh and thereby the household out of pocket expenditure will decrease significantly. Therefore, it is suggested and can be implemented in the whole countryfor the sake of ensuring universal health coverage and make accessible of quality health services to the people of Bangladesh. It is also recommended that Bangladesh needs to introduce the health protection schemes at least for the people living below poverty line and the people working in the formal sector.

The purpose of this study is to examine the socio-demographic determinants of contraceptive use among the married women in Chuadanga District, Bangladesh. A sample of 300 women comprising 200 from rural and 100 from urban was used. Some statistical tools such as cross tabulation, chi-square test statistic, and binary logistic regression model were used through SPSS-10, to assess the association between contraceptive use and demographic and socioeconomic variables, with special focus on contraceptive use behaviour of the married women. In our study, 88.0% of the respondents practice contraceptives, and the remaining 12.0% do not practice. Chi-square test statistics shows that respondent age at first marriage and couple's educational qualification are the most important significant factors that are associated with the use of contraception. The second most significant factors include current age, parity, religion and watching TV. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that among the included socio-demographic variables only four variables—i.e., age at first marriage, religion, both respondents' and their spouses' educational qualification—are statistically significant. From the cross tabulation and logistic regression analysis, we find that women with secondary and below level are more likely to use contraceptives than higher educated women. In case of husbands' educational level, the reverse is true. Thus, the risk of contraceptive use is higher among low level educated younger women and lower age at marriage.

SummaryThis paper investigates the distribution of distance associated with marriage migration in the northern region of Rajshahi and the southern region of Khulna in Bangladesh. The study was conducted in 2007 on 2250 respondents who had migrated due to marriage. Of the wide variety of curves that fitted the distance–marriage/contact data, three are discussed: Pareto, exponential, and Pareto-exponential. Logistic regression models were used to identify the covariates of marriage distance migration. In general, the three functions work better for marriages, whereas Pareto-exponential functions are a superior fit for migrations and marriage distance. The models disclose that the distribution of distance is significantly associated with marriage migration (p<0.001). The Pareto-exponential model was 100% stable and its shrinkage was 0.000000125. The main covariates associated with short-distance marriage migration were respondent's education, father's education and religion, whereas age at the time of marriage did not play a significant role in marriage migration. The risk of short-distance migration was greater in higher- than lower-educated Muslim families.

SummaryThis study aimed to assess whether teaching good cooking practices, food habits and sanitation to ultra-poor rural women in four rural communities of Rangpur district, Bangladesh, with a high density of extremely poor households, would improve the overall health of the community. The sample size was 200 respondents combined from the target and control areas. In the target area, twelve in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions were undertaken for knowledge dissemination. Descriptive and mixed-model analyses were performed. The results show that washing hands with soap was 1.35 times more likely in the target than the control group (p<0.01). Further, after intervention, there was a significant improvement in hand-washing behaviour: before cutting vegetables, preparing food, feeding a child and eating, and after defecating and cleaning a baby (p<0.05). Also, the target group was more likely to moderately and briefly boil their vegetables and were 19% less likely to use maximum heat when cooking vegetables than the control group (p<0.01). Improved knowledge and skills training of ultra-poor women reduces the loss of nutrients during food preparation and increases their hygiene through hand-washing in every-day life.