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International audience ; Sediment trap particles, as well as particulate organic material including particles larger than 10 pn coiiected by in situ pumps (ISP) and fresh corpses of the gelatinous zoopIankton species Thalia democratica, were coiiected in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea from Apnl to July 1995, and incubated (after mixing with 0.2 pn filtered seawater) under laboratory conditions with their own bac-tenal assemblages for 6 to 24 d in batches under oxic conditions and in the dark. Particulate (POC > 0.7 pm), dissolved (DOC < 0.7 p n) and colloidal(0.02 < COC < 0.7 pm) organic carbon contents, as weil as bactenal abundance and production, were quantified over time. In all experiments, total organic carbon (TOC = POC + DOC) decrease covaned with an increase in bactenal abundance and production, bactena being the main mediators of particle decomposition. We found that COC accounted for 19 to 31 % of DOC immediately after particle dilution in 0.2 pm filtered seawater, and always for less than 9 % at the end of the experiments. As organic colloids compnsed less than 7 % of DOC in the 0.2 pn filtered seawater used to dilute the particles, this result suggests that COC was mainly produced from particle decomposition. Assuming that bactenal populations were the sole decomposer of organic matter in the batches, the results gave bacterial growth efficiencies (BGE) in the range of 3 to 21%, indicating that decomposition of these particles significantly produce CO2 through bacterial respiration. The results showed that bactena degraded 16 to 87 % of the initial amount of POC within the first 48 h, whereas only 6 to 22 % of POC was degraded in the second stages. Our data and modeling work based on such short incubation times suggest that salp bodies are composed of 1 labile and 1 refractory organic fraction, whereas both 1SP-and trap particles are composed of 2 labile and 1 refractory organic fraction. A lG-model (for salp) and a 2G-model for other particles was able to satisfactorily reproduce the data sets.

International audience ; Sediment trap particles, as well as particulate organic material including particles larger than 10 pn coiiected by in situ pumps (ISP) and fresh corpses of the gelatinous zoopIankton species Thalia democratica, were coiiected in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea from Apnl to July 1995, and incubated (after mixing with 0.2 pn filtered seawater) under laboratory conditions with their own bac-tenal assemblages for 6 to 24 d in batches under oxic conditions and in the dark. Particulate (POC > 0.7 pm), dissolved (DOC < 0.7 p n) and colloidal(0.02 < COC < 0.7 pm) organic carbon contents, as weil as bactenal abundance and production, were quantified over time. In all experiments, total organic carbon (TOC = POC + DOC) decrease covaned with an increase in bactenal abundance and production, bactena being the main mediators of particle decomposition. We found that COC accounted for 19 to 31 % of DOC immediately after particle dilution in 0.2 pm filtered seawater, and always for less than 9 % at the end of the experiments. As organic colloids compnsed less than 7 % of DOC in the 0.2 pn filtered seawater used to dilute the particles, this result suggests that COC was mainly produced from particle decomposition. Assuming that bactenal populations were the sole decomposer of organic matter in the batches, the results gave bacterial growth efficiencies (BGE) in the range of 3 to 21%, indicating that decomposition of these particles significantly produce CO2 through bacterial respiration. The results showed that bactena degraded 16 to 87 % of the initial amount of POC within the first 48 h, whereas only 6 to 22 % of POC was degraded in the second stages. Our data and modeling work based on such short incubation times suggest that salp bodies are composed of 1 labile and 1 refractory organic fraction, whereas both 1SP-and trap particles are composed of 2 labile and 1 refractory organic fraction. A lG-model (for salp) and a 2G-model for other particles was able to satisfactorily reproduce ...

International audience Sediment trap particles, as well as particulate organic material including particles larger than 10 pn coiiected by in situ pumps (ISP) and fresh corpses of the gelatinous zoopIankton species Thalia democratica, were coiiected in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea from Apnl to July 1995, and incubated (after mixing with 0.2 pn filtered seawater) under laboratory conditions with their own bac-tenal assemblages for 6 to 24 d in batches under oxic conditions and in the dark. Particulate (POC > 0.7 pm), dissolved (DOC < 0.7 p n) and colloidal(0.02 < COC < 0.7 pm) organic carbon contents, as weil as bactenal abundance and production, were quantified over time. In all experiments, total organic carbon (TOC = POC + DOC) decrease covaned with an increase in bactenal abundance and production, bactena being the main mediators of particle decomposition. We found that COC accounted for 19 to 31 % of DOC immediately after particle dilution in 0.2 pm filtered seawater, and always for less than 9 % at the end of the experiments. As organic colloids compnsed less than 7 % of DOC in the 0.2 pn filtered seawater used to dilute the particles, this result suggests that COC was mainly produced from particle decomposition. Assuming that bactenal populations were the sole decomposer of organic matter in the batches, the results gave bacterial growth efficiencies (BGE) in the range of 3 to 21%, indicating that decomposition of these particles significantly produce CO2 through bacterial respiration. The results showed that bactena degraded 16 to 87 % of the initial amount of POC within the first 48 h, whereas only 6 to 22 % of POC was degraded in the second stages. Our data and modeling work based on such short incubation times suggest that salp bodies are composed of 1 labile and 1 refractory organic fraction, whereas both 1SP-and trap particles are composed of 2 labile and 1 refractory organic fraction. A lG-model (for salp) and a 2G-model for other particles was able to satisfactorily reproduce the ...

International audience ; Sediment trap particles, as well as particulate organic material including particles larger than 10 pn coiiected by in situ pumps (ISP) and fresh corpses of the gelatinous zoopIankton species Thalia democratica, were coiiected in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea from Apnl to July 1995, and incubated (after mixing with 0.2 pn filtered seawater) under laboratory conditions with their own bac-tenal assemblages for 6 to 24 d in batches under oxic conditions and in the dark. Particulate (POC > 0.7 pm), dissolved (DOC < 0.7 p n) and colloidal(0.02 < COC < 0.7 pm) organic carbon contents, as weil as bactenal abundance and production, were quantified over time. In all experiments, total organic carbon (TOC = POC + DOC) decrease covaned with an increase in bactenal abundance and production, bactena being the main mediators of particle decomposition. We found that COC accounted for 19 to 31 % of DOC immediately after particle dilution in 0.2 pm filtered seawater, and always for less than 9 % at the end of the experiments. As organic colloids compnsed less than 7 % of DOC in the 0.2 pn filtered seawater used to dilute the particles, this result suggests that COC was mainly produced from particle decomposition. Assuming that bactenal populations were the sole decomposer of organic matter in the batches, the results gave bacterial growth efficiencies (BGE) in the range of 3 to 21%, indicating that decomposition of these particles significantly produce CO2 through bacterial respiration. The results showed that bactena degraded 16 to 87 % of the initial amount of POC within the first 48 h, whereas only 6 to 22 % of POC was degraded in the second stages. Our data and modeling work based on such short incubation times suggest that salp bodies are composed of 1 labile and 1 refractory organic fraction, whereas both 1SP-and trap particles are composed of 2 labile and 1 refractory organic fraction. A lG-model (for salp) and a 2G-model for other particles was able to satisfactorily reproduce the data sets.

International audience ; Sediment trap particles, as well as particulate organic material including particles larger than 10 pn coiiected by in situ pumps (ISP) and fresh corpses of the gelatinous zoopIankton species Thalia democratica, were coiiected in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea from Apnl to July 1995, and incubated (after mixing with 0.2 pn filtered seawater) under laboratory conditions with their own bac-tenal assemblages for 6 to 24 d in batches under oxic conditions and in the dark. Particulate (POC > 0.7 pm), dissolved (DOC < 0.7 p n) and colloidal(0.02 < COC < 0.7 pm) organic carbon contents, as weil as bactenal abundance and production, were quantified over time. In all experiments, total organic carbon (TOC = POC + DOC) decrease covaned with an increase in bactenal abundance and production, bactena being the main mediators of particle decomposition. We found that COC accounted for 19 to 31 % of DOC immediately after particle dilution in 0.2 pm filtered seawater, and always for less than 9 % at the end of the experiments. As organic colloids compnsed less than 7 % of DOC in the 0.2 pn filtered seawater used to dilute the particles, this result suggests that COC was mainly produced from particle decomposition. Assuming that bactenal populations were the sole decomposer of organic matter in the batches, the results gave bacterial growth efficiencies (BGE) in the range of 3 to 21%, indicating that decomposition of these particles significantly produce CO2 through bacterial respiration. The results showed that bactena degraded 16 to 87 % of the initial amount of POC within the first 48 h, whereas only 6 to 22 % of POC was degraded in the second stages. Our data and modeling work based on such short incubation times suggest that salp bodies are composed of 1 labile and 1 refractory organic fraction, whereas both 1SP-and trap particles are composed of 2 labile and 1 refractory organic fraction. A lG-model (for salp) and a 2G-model for other particles was able to satisfactorily reproduce ...

International audience ; Because of their large and widespread application,phthalates or phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous in all the environmental compartements. They have been widely detected throughout the worldwide environment. Indoor air where people spend 65!90% of their time is also highly contaminated by various PAEs released from plastics, consumer products as well as ambient suspended particulate matter. Because of their widespread application, PAEs are the most common chemicals that humans are in contact with daily. Based on various exposure mechanisms, including the ingestion of food, drinking water, dust/soil, air inhalation and dermal exposure the daily intake of PAEs may reach values as high as 70 μg/kg/day. PAEs are involved in endocrine disrupting effects, namely, upon reproductive physiology in different species of fish and mammals. They also present a variety of additional toxic effects for many other species including terrestrial and aquatic fauna and flora. Therefore, their presence in the environment has attracted considerable attention due to their potential impacts on ecosystem functioning and on public health. This paper is a synthesis of the extensive literature data on behavior, transport, fate and ecotoxicological state of PAEs in environmental matrices: air, water, sediment, sludge, wastewater, soil, and biota. First, the origins and physicochemical properties of PAEs that control the behavior, transport and fate in the environment are reviewed. Second, the compilation of data on transport and fate, adverse environmental and human health effects, legislation, restrictions, and ecotoxicological state of the environment based on PAEs is presented.

International audience ; Because of their large and widespread application,phthalates or phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous in all the environmental compartements. They have been widely detected throughout the worldwide environment. Indoor air where people spend 65!90% of their time is also highly contaminated by various PAEs released from plastics, consumer products as well as ambient suspended particulate matter. Because of their widespread application, PAEs are the most common chemicals that humans are in contact with daily. Based on various exposure mechanisms, including the ingestion of food, drinking water, dust/soil, air inhalation and dermal exposure the daily intake of PAEs may reach values as high as 70 μg/kg/day. PAEs are involved in endocrine disrupting effects, namely, upon reproductive physiology in different species of fish and mammals. They also present a variety of additional toxic effects for many other species including terrestrial and aquatic fauna and flora. Therefore, their presence in the environment has attracted considerable attention due to their potential impacts on ecosystem functioning and on public health. This paper is a synthesis of the extensive literature data on behavior, transport, fate and ecotoxicological state of PAEs in environmental matrices: air, water, sediment, sludge, wastewater, soil, and biota. First, the origins and physicochemical properties of PAEs that control the behavior, transport and fate in the environment are reviewed. Second, the compilation of data on transport and fate, adverse environmental and human health effects, legislation, restrictions, and ecotoxicological state of the environment based on PAEs is presented.

International audience ; Because of their large and widespread application,phthalates or phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous in all the environmental compartements. They have been widely detected throughout the worldwide environment. Indoor air where people spend 65!90% of their time is also highly contaminated by various PAEs released from plastics, consumer products as well as ambient suspended particulate matter. Because of their widespread application, PAEs are the most common chemicals that humans are in contact with daily. Based on various exposure mechanisms, including the ingestion of food, drinking water, dust/soil, air inhalation and dermal exposure the daily intake of PAEs may reach values as high as 70 μg/kg/day. PAEs are involved in endocrine disrupting effects, namely, upon reproductive physiology in different species of fish and mammals. They also present a variety of additional toxic effects for many other species including terrestrial and aquatic fauna and flora. Therefore, their presence in the environment has attracted considerable attention due to their potential impacts on ecosystem functioning and on public health. This paper is a synthesis of the extensive literature data on behavior, transport, fate and ecotoxicological state of PAEs in environmental matrices: air, water, sediment, sludge, wastewater, soil, and biota. First, the origins and physicochemical properties of PAEs that control the behavior, transport and fate in the environment are reviewed. Second, the compilation of data on transport and fate, adverse environmental and human health effects, legislation, restrictions, and ecotoxicological state of the environment based on PAEs is presented.

International audience ; Because of their large and widespread application,phthalates or phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous in all the environmental compartements. They have been widely detected throughout the worldwide environment. Indoor air where people spend 65!90% of their time is also highly contaminated by various PAEs released from plastics, consumer products as well as ambient suspended particulate matter. Because of their widespread application, PAEs are the most common chemicals that humans are in contact with daily. Based on various exposure mechanisms, including the ingestion of food, drinking water, dust/soil, air inhalation and dermal exposure the daily intake of PAEs may reach values as high as 70 μg/kg/day. PAEs are involved in endocrine disrupting effects, namely, upon reproductive physiology in different species of fish and mammals. They also present a variety of additional toxic effects for many other species including terrestrial and aquatic fauna and flora. Therefore, their presence in the environment has attracted considerable attention due to their potential impacts on ecosystem functioning and on public health. This paper is a synthesis of the extensive literature data on behavior, transport, fate and ecotoxicological state of PAEs in environmental matrices: air, water, sediment, sludge, wastewater, soil, and biota. First, the origins and physicochemical properties of PAEs that control the behavior, transport and fate in the environment are reviewed. Second, the compilation of data on transport and fate, adverse environmental and human health effects, legislation, restrictions, and ecotoxicological state of the environment based on PAEs is presented.