Suchergebnisse

This study discusses the praxis of human equality among mountains farming communities in petungkriyono Subdistrict, Pekalongan, Central Java, through long-term historical-ethnographic observations on local political and economic activities in village head election and livestock raising. Village communities are always divided by hierarchical social structures between ordinary citizens and the elite. From time to time the elite and the rich continue to face social-economic guerrilla from ordinary citizens and social-economic competition from their peers. The interest of villagers is not to erase hierarchical structures but rather to stem elite pressure, while at the same time maintaining hopes, ideals and striving to experience increased social mobility, becoming residents of the upper social layers in society. In more straight forward language, they do not move to erase the differences between rich and poor but aspire and work to become rich. These ideals are built on the ideology of human equality that humans have the same right to live regardless of poor or rich, elite or villagers.

This study discusses the praxis of human equality among mountains farming communities inPetungkriyono Subdistrict, Pekalongan, Central Java, through long-term historical-ethnographic observations on local political and economic activities in village head election and livestock raising. Village communities are always divided by hierarchical social structures between ordinary citizens and the elite. From time to time the elite and the rich continue to face social-economic guerrilla from ordinary citizens and social-economic competition from their peers. The interest of villagers is not to erase hierarchical structures but rather to stem elite pressure, while at the same time maintaining hopes, ideals and striving to experience increased social mobility, becoming residents of the upper social layers in society. In more straight forward language, they do not move to erase the differences between rich and poor but aspire and work to become rich. These ideals are built on the ideology of human equality that humans have the same right to live regardless of poor or rich, elite or villagers.

"In Plantation Life Tania Murray Li and Pujo Semedi examine the structure and governance of contemporary palm oil plantations in Indonesia, which supply fifty percent of the world's palm oil. They attend to the exploitative nature of plantation life, wherein villagers' wellbeing is sacrificed in the name of economic development. While plantations are often plagued by ruined ecologies, injury among workers, and a devastating loss of livelihoods for former landholders, small-scale independent farmers produce palm oil more efficiently with far less damage to life and land. Li and Semedi theorize "corporate occupation" to underscore how massive forms of capitalist production and control over the palm oil industry replicate colonial-style relations that undermine citizenship. In so doing, they question the assumption that corporations are necessary for rural development, contending that the dominance of plantations stems from a political system that privileges corporations."

Child labour used to be a common phenomenon in colonial tea plantations at the start of the 20th century. Since the 1970s, however, child labour started slowly to disappear from tea plantations on Java. In this article, we argue that the abolishment of child labour was never the result of improved legislation, but should be understood as part of several interrelated historical processes. Emerging educational opportunities for boys and girls, changes in labour demand, household strategies, diversification of family incomes, ideas on childhood, and technological changes in the production process are key to explain this change. This observation might raise serious considerations for policy makers today who aim to abolish child labour or improve working conditions of children.