Suchergebnisse

Der Begriff der sozialen Fehlentwicklung meint in diesem Beitrag nicht, daß eine Gesellschaft die normale moderne Entwicklung verfehlt habe und auch nicht, daß die Verdrängung der Minderheiten der dafür entscheidende Prozeß sei. Die Fehlentwicklung zeigt sich vor allem in der schädlichen sozialpsychologischen Wirkung dieser Verdrängung auf die Mehrheit. Als Beispiel wird Spanien herangezogen, da hier die ganze Problematik einer nationalen Identitätsbildung auf Kosten bestimmter Bevölkerungsteile besonders deutlich wird. Nach einer Darstellung der Situationen der Minderheiten in Spanien im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert befaßt sich der Beitrag besonders mit Juden, Konvertierten, Morisken und Maranen. (RW)

With astonishing simultaneity, new strains emerged in the research of cultural & social history in Germany, the US, & France after 1900. A fresh interest in intellectual movements & mentalities in history can be found in all three countries. These developments are compared from 1900 to the present. It becomes apparent that German 'Geistesgeschichte' corresponds best to political history, wheras the US 'intellectual history' & the French 'histoire des mentalites' are strong, at least until the end of the 1920s. The approaches of intellectual history frequently play a mediating role when strictly SE answers do not suffice. After 1945, the "social history of ideas" developed in the US; various new forms of mentality research also emerged after 1960 in France. Both have effects on the German historical sciences of today. AA.

The position of German historiography at the time of the Weimar Republic with respect to France.
Most German historians who, between 1918 and 1933, were involved in French history concentrated on foreign policy on France as an «Erbfeind» and as a traditionally aggressive military power (Marcks, Oncken, Haller). There was much less interest in interior development since Western democracy was regarded mostly with refusal or with disinterest (Wahl). This attitude had evolved since the German unification of the «Reich» in 1871. Apart from this «common» interpretation there were, nevertheless, various attempts to conceive France in a new and more positive way : 1 : Napoleon was discovered as the pioneer for the «United States of Europe» (Ludwig). 2 : The French Revolution was regarded above all by political scientists and constitutional historians in terms of its great European meaning, for instance for the development of the parliamentary system of representation or for the centralist national state (Loewenstein, Hintze). 3 : 18th century France was examined as the typical country for the origin of the bourgeois views on life (Groethuysen). 4 : The German study of Romance languages and literature strove within the so-called «Kulturkunde» to attain a new overall picture : In this case France appears above all as a culturally and politically conservative country which has it harder than Germany to find its way into the future (Curtius, Sieburg). At the end, A. Bergsträsser's balanced political and economic analysis of present-day France contrasts with the one-sided, antidemocratic historical work of W. Frank about the Third Republic.