Suchergebnisse

1 Comparative research, selected themes and data characteristics -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Themes and content -- 1.3 Data sources and spatial systems -- 1.4 Conclusions -- I Components of Population Change -- 2 Population projection: Dutch and English multiregional methods -- 3 The components of natural change -- 4 Internal migration -- II Specific Migration Streams -- 5 Labour migration -- 6 Racism and international migration -- 7 Migration of the elderly -- III Population, Households and Housing -- 8 Demographic change, household evolution and housing needs -- 9 Residential mobility -- 10 The housing market as a source of urban demographic and social change: the impact of flat break-ups in London and condominium conversion in the Netherlands -- 11 1983, 1986, …. -- References.

Abstract
Local energy transition initiatives – as part of a broader climate-benign and sustainability policy – have become a focal point of future-oriented resource and environmental strategies. Place-based energy conversion however, has turned out to be a very complicated task, from both a governance and research perspective. The present study seeks to sketch out the contours of local sustainable energy planning, with a particular emphasis on (i) practical data and evidence-based information requirements, (ii) the involvement and engagement of citizens and stakeholders, and (iii) the great research potential provided by digital information technology. To that end, a comprehensive mind map for energy transition is depicted, inspired by first experiments in the city of Rotterdam.

In Europe, the emerging discipline of geodesign was earmarked by the first Geodesign Summit held in 2013 at the GeoFort, the Netherlands. Here researchers and practitioners from 28 different countries gathered to exchange ideas on how to merge the spatial sciences and design worlds. This book brings together experiences from this international group of spatial planners, architects, landscape designers, archaeologists, and geospatial scientists to explore the notion of 'Geodesign thinking', whereby spatial technologies (such as integrated 3D modelling, network analysis, visualization tools, and information dashboards) are used to answer 'what if' questions to design alternatives on aspects like urban visibility, flood risks, sustainability, economic development, heritage appreciation and public engagement. The book offers a single source of geodesign theory from a European perspective by first introducing the geodesign framework, then exploring various case studies on solving complex, dynamic, and multi-stakeholder design challenges. This book will appeal to practitioners and researchers alike who are eager to bring design analysis, intelligent planning, and consensus building to a whole new level.

The Netherlands is one of the most densely populated countries in the world and urban functions are constantly claiming more space. This continuing urbanisation has lead to a growing concern for the preservation of open space. A loss of open space does not only mean a fragmentation of ecosystems or (potential) animal habitat but also affects the geographical, historical and cultural qualities of the landscape. The preservation of open space is an important theme in the spatial planning of the Netherlands. The Dutch government strives to keep the total volume of open space at a reasonable high level and tries to avoid the fragmentation of open space. The present research deals with the modelling of future land use and will focus more specifically on the fragmentation of open space. A GIS-oriented land use model will be used to study this subject. Assessing the impact of land use change on open space calls for a thorough definition of open space that takes into account the shape and size characteristics of various land use functions. This definition is strongly related to the policy context that introduces the concept of open space. In the Dutch, anthropocentric practice open space does not necessarily refer to large natural areas with high ecological values, but it rather relates to large areas with relatively few buildings. This might for example exclude wooded areas that do not offer panoramic views. Single objects (high voltage or television masts) can also severely affect the individual experience of open space. GIS-technology allows for a quantitative implementation of the concept of open space. It furthermore facilitates the spatial analysis of the impact of land use changes. Different simulations from land use models will be assessed both in terms of a total loss in the volume of open space and the localised impact in terms of fragmentation. To study the latter impact a methodology will be developed that will adopt experiences from spatial ecological research on habitat fragmentation.

Need of Information in Public and Environmental Health -- Environment and Health Data in Europe as a Tool for Risk Management: Needs, Uses and Strategies -- Indicators of Public Health and Environmental Quality -- Meta-Information Systems for Environment and Health -- The Components of Geographical Information Systems -- An Introduction to Geographical Information Systems -- The Integration of Information in Geographical Information Systems -- Organizational Aspects of Geographical Information Systems -- Data Aspects of Geographical Information Systems -- Analysis of Spatial Information -- Spatial Analysis in Health Research -- Strategies for the Use of Geography in Epidemiological Analysis -- Analysing Spatial Patterns of Disease: Some Issues in the Mapping of Incidence Data for Relatively Rare Conditions -- Applications of Geogrpaphical Information Systems in Public and Environmental Health -- The Exploration of the Possible Relationship Between Deaths, Births and Air Pollution in Scottish Towns -- Road Traffic Accidents Involving Children in North-East England -- Geographical Software Applications for Health Sector Planning: Experiences from a Study for Famine Management -- Geographical Information Systems: A New Tool in the Fight Against Schistosomiasis -- Geographical Information Systems and Spatial Epidemiology: Modelling the Possible Association Between Cancer of the Larynx and Incineration in North-west England -- The Potential Role of Geographical Information Systems Technology in Air Toxics Risk Assessment, Communication and Management -- Value Added by Geographical Information Systems -- Spatial Information to Make a Difference: Value Added Decision-Making in the Health Sector with Geographical Information Systems -- The Long-Term Potential of Geographical Information Systems for Epidemiology -- Implementing Geographical Information Systems -- Geographical Information Systems in Organizations: Some Conditions for Their Effective Utilization -- Building a Geographical Information System in the European Community: The Corine Experience -- Implementing a Global Geographical Information System for Modelling Sustainable Environmental Quality: The Critical Load Experience -- Towards a Health and Environmental Geographical Information System for Europe -- Development of a Health and Environment Geographical Information System for the European Region.

The metropolitan landscape consists of green, open areas adjacent to and enclosed by the urban environment. Changes in this landscape are a delicate matter, because they affect sustainability, the environment and the scenic quality, as we see in processes like urban sprawl, intensive outdoor recreation, city expansion and additional investments in infrastructure. More precisely, changes in the supply of open space, both in absolute terms (acreage) and its accessibility are a major concern around metropolitan areas. The lack of a clear monetary value makes green, open areas vulnerable to construction activities and infrastructure. Such use of open space entails the imposition of externalities of certain actors on others, but since the market value of open space does not fully reflect the societal value of open space, these externalities are market failures that call for corrective measures by the public sector in the form of land use interventions or pricing measures. However, as it turns out, failure of the governmental correction impedes effective market co-ordination. Unfortunately, attempts to value open space are virtually non-existent to date. Partly because the valuation of severance and visual intrusion is hampered by many complications, especially difficulties in objective quantification, uncertainties on the impacts on human and ecological communities, and collinearity with other pressures on the metropolitan open space (for example noise disturbance from infrastructure). The development of a research method for the valuation of open space will therefore be an important objective of the project. Incorporation of the public interest in open space in metropolitan planning requires quantitative valuation of this asset. The difficulty with such a valuation is of course that environmental and general societal values are normally not traded on real world markets, and hence no market prices can be observed that would reflect or approximate marginal costs or benefits. An environmental-economic framework will be used to quantify the ecological, economic and societal values of open space in a coherent way. Two complementary methods will be used: revealed preference and stated preference valuation. As it will not be possible to estimate economic values for all different dimensions of open space, the program focuses on those aspects that can be related to the appreciation of individual residents of the metropolitan landscape. These are the so-called 'use values' that humans attach to open space on the basis of their own, direct interest. This focus means that for instance so-called 'intrinsic' environmental values (referring for example to habitat fragmentation and indirectly biodiversity) will be postponed to future research. The program will more specifically concentrate on the added value of the availability of open space on residential property and the valuation of cultural and recreational characteristics of open space by potential visitors.