Suchergebnisse

This study examines the influence of social context on the home environment for children aged0 to 14years, testing for differences between Cubans ( n = 47), Mexicans( n = 240), Mexican Americans ( n = 415), and Puerto Ricans ( n = 162). Hierarchical linear models showed significant cultural and acculturation effects on the trajectories of cognitive stimulation and emotional support in the home environment. The home environment of families in which the mother reported more U.S. ancestry showed significant declines in cognitive stimulation, whereas families in which the mother was more likely to use Spanish during the study interview showed significant increases in cognitive stimulation as the child aged. In contrast, no significant acculturation effects were found for the trajectories of emotional support in the home.

This article explains the emergence of a plantation economy in the antebellum sugar sector. The hypothesis of increasing returns to scale was tested using a Zellner-Revankar generalized production function model. Economies of scale were found using samples from the manuscript censuses, but these scale economies diminished with size. A second important factor in explaining the size distribution of farms was the dual technology in the manufacturing stage of sugar production. Farms with inferior horse-power mills had poorer survival records and less flexibility in expansion than those using steam power mills.

State-level estimates of income shares for the top one and five percent of the population are presented for 1929, 1933, and 1939. Significant cross-sectional variation is found in 1929, but the range narrows as the shares fall dramatically to 1933. Analysis indicates that property incomes influence the shares but provides little evidence of a tradeoff between per capita income and inequality as measured by the shares.

Purpose: To evaluate the claim, made repeatedly during Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition debates over eliminating the bereavement exclusion (BE), that "uncomplicated" depressive reactions have elevated suicidality like other major depressive disorder (MDD), so exclusions risk missing suicidal cases. Method: We found no published evidence assessing suicide risk specifically in uncomplicated depression. Using data from four epidemiological surveys, we calculated suicide attempt rates both concurrently and predictively for those with histories of no MDD, uncomplicated MDD, and standard MDD. Results: Both concurrently and predictively, uncomplicated MDD suicide attempt rates were no greater than no-MDD history rates and less than standard MDD rates. Discussion: Excluding uncomplicated cases from MDD poses no risk of missing elevated suicidal rates typical of depression. The "suicide" argument used to support BE elimination was spurious.

Social scientists believe that social change impacts individual as well as family value orientations. The current study uses data from the 1986 and 2000 General Social Survey to compare these years on the types of social factors affecting the selection of child autonomy relative to obedience. Results indicate that several individual and family factors predict the inclination for autonomy versus obedience, including religious affiliation, income, education, and race. However, no significant differences were found between the two years, indicating that social change alone does not affect value orientation. The discussion offers the implication of these findings to family practitioners, specifically focusing on the necessity of cultural sensitivity and respect in achieving optimum results.

Abstract:We examined the relationship between fathers' human, social, and financial capital and future marital plans among 176 pregnant adolescent mothers and the fathers of their babies. Fathers' social capital proved to be the most significant resource in relation to marital plans. Mothers and fathers were significantly more likely to plan to marry when the father was involved in the pregnancy and when there was less couple conflict. Couples were more likely to agree about marriage when the mother and father agree that the father was involved in these aspects of parenting and when the couple agrees about high level of parenting alliance. Healthy Marriage initiatives should target young fathers' social capital as well as plans for marriage.