Suchergebnisse

The present book by the Hamburg teacher and historian Uwe Schmidt on Hamburg schools in the "Third Reich" is the first comprehensive presentation of the school system in the Hanseatic city between 1933 and 1945. It is based on in-depth source research.The extensive study covers all types of schools and goes beyond the borders of the Hanseatic city before 1937: for the first time, it examines the school history of the former Prussian towns of Altona, Harburg and Wandsbek as well as other surrounding communities, which were added by the Gross-Hamburg Act in 1937.In addition to the content of this monograph, the qualified register of persons with biograms and, above all, the survey of the individual Hamburg schools and their history, which has been compiled with great effort, are particularly commendable, making this study a useful reference work.The work is divided into two parts: Volume 1 contains only the comprehensive presentation of the contents, while Volume 2 contains a listing of abbreviations, the list of schools from 1933 to 1945, statistical lists, references to sources, bibliography and sources, the registers (persons, subject and geographical index), the index of illustrations as well as information on authors and editors, the series and the Verein für Hamburgische Geschichte.

After the change of power in Hamburg on March 8, 1933, the school administration was put under command of Karl Witt, a German nationalist and later Nazi. Converted to the National Socialist leadership principle, it was increasingly instrumentalized for the implementation of National Socialist educational concepts. These were mainly enforced by the persons who led the authority or dominated by informal power. The position of the four school-related officials in the power and governance system of National Socialism in Hamburg is therefore explained in this publication. Besides Karl Witt, three men were the protegés of the so-calld "Gauleiter" and "Reichsstatthalter" Karl Kaufmann: namely Wilhelm Schulz, Albert Henze, and Ernst Schrewe. Their proximity to the centre of power around Kaufmann led to very different formal and informal anchors in the mechanisms of the polycratic National Socialist system. The political pressure exerted by the head of the school administration on the schools intensified since the beginning of the war, culminating in the power and ruthless exercise of power by the National Socialist "Senatsdirektor" and "Gauschulungsleiter" Albert Henze.

After the National Socialists seized power in Hamburg on March 8, 1933, the existing professional organisations of teachers were first brought together, then dissolved and replaced by the National Socialist Teachers' Association of Hamburg (Nationalsozialistischer Lehrerbund, NSLB), which was founded in 1931, as the only teacher organisation. The primary school teacher Wilhelm Schulz accomplished National Socialist ideology in the largest Hamburg-based teachers' organization, the Society of Friends of the Patriotic School and Education (Gesellschaft der Freunde des vaterländischen Schul- und Erziehungswesens, GdF), founded in 1805. The teacher's organisation ADLV (Allgemeiner Deutscher Lehrerinnenverein - General German Teachers' Association) has been given priority over equalisation through self-dissolution. In 1935, the professional association of senior teachers, the Hamburg Philologists' Association, was forced to dissolve itself under the pressure imposed on it. The NSLB, now the only professional organisation for teachers in Hamburg, was incorporated into the Political Organisation of the NSDAP. After the beginning of the war, the NSLB lost more and more importance. In the course of the "total war" in February 1943 the Hamburg NSLB was also "shut down" for the duration of the war, at the command of the Führer. His story was thus already over two years before the fall of the dictatorship.