Suchergebnisse

This book critically analyzes the Partition experiences from East Bengal in 1947 and its prolonged aftermath leading to the creation of Bangladesh in 1971. It looks at how newly emerged borderlands at the time of Partition affected lives and triggered prolonged consequences for the people living in East Bengal/Bangladesh. The author brings to the fore unheard voices and unexplored narratives, especially those relating the experience of different groups of Muslims in the midst of the falling apart of the unified Muslim identity. Drawing on in-depth ethnographic research and archival resources, the volume analyzes various themes such as partition literature, local narratives of border-making, smuggling, border violence, refugees, identity conflicts, border crossing, and experiences of the Bihari Muslims and the Hindus of East Pakistan, among others. A unique study in border-making, this book will be an essential read for scholars and researchers of history, South Asian history, Partition studies, oral history, anthropology, political history, refugee studies, minority studies, political science, and borderland studies.

Stephen Harper proposed an Alberta personal income tax (PIT) modelled on Quebec's separate PIT in 2001. The Alberta government rejected this proposal because of cost concerns. In 2019, Premier Kenney twinned the Alberta PIT plan with Quebec's request for provinces to collect federal PIT and asked an expert panel for a report. In June 2020, Alberta accepted the Fair Deal Panel's recommendation to support Quebec while admitting that a separate Alberta PIT requires significant further analysis. The fiscal impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis may explain Alberta's relatively cautious approach. An Alberta PIT may now be affordable only if the federal government covers provincial administration costs. The crisis also highlights the value of a cash flow advantage for provinces from federal PIT collection, thereby further reducing the appeal of an Alberta PIT.

This article focuses on legal learning and a specific type of protest that emerged in the aftermath of the police shoot-out at Batla House, New Delhi in 2008. Following the shooting, there was an atmosphere of fear in the locality, as doubts began to emerge about the police's version of the story. What exacerbated the situation was a series of arrests from the locality, often without proper documents and procedures. Under the pretext of national security, the mandatory legal procedures were often ignored, and severely limited the legal avenues available for the residents. The residents invested in collective learning of the legal procedures and were able to create tactical situations on the street to force the state agencies to follow the letter of the law. In this process, they reproduced the state's logic of combining the judicial with the extrajudicial but aimed it towards deepening their belonging to the law.

Stephen Harper proposed an Alberta personal income tax (PIT) modelled on Quebec's separate PIT in 2001. The Alberta government rejected this proposal because of cost concerns. In 2019, Premier Kenney twinned the Alberta PIT plan with Quebec's request for provinces to collect federal PIT and asked an expert panel for a report. In June 2020, Alberta accepted the Fair Deal Panel's recommendation to support Quebec while admitting that a separate Alberta PIT requires significant further analysis. The fiscal impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis may explain Alberta's relatively cautious approach. An Alberta PIT may now be affordable only if the federal government covers provincial administration costs. The crisis also highlights the value of a cash flow advantage for provinces from federal PIT collection, thereby further reducing the appeal of an Alberta PIT.

Even though Bangladesh has made progress towards reaching some of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), it is still a major challenge for the government to further reduce poverty and improve human developments, in particular achieving a 100 percent primary-school completion rate. As foreign aid is declining, resources need to be mobilized either by taxation or borrowing. Each funding option has drawbacks so it is important when government now chooses how to proceed to have an apprehension of the tradeoffs involved. Also issues arise in whether the composition of public spending should lean towards investment in human capital or infrastructural capital. In this paper, we apply the MAMS computable general equilibrium model developed by the World Bank to do a retrospective analysis study comparing a baseline scenario that mimics the actual development during the period 2005 - 2015 with four counterfactual scenarios in which the four most important MDG targets (education, child mortality, maternal mortality, water and sanitation) are achieved, based on either taxation, foreign borrowing, aid or domestic borrowing. Further, we compare the baseline with three public spending reallocation scenarios. We find that full achievement of these goals would have led to a GDP loss of 17 percent and 10 percent from domestic borrowing or taxation, respectively. For public spending composition we find that the marginal impact on achievement of the targets from reallocating public spending from infrastructure investment to human development sectors in Bangladesh is small.

Even though Bangladesh has made progress towards reaching some of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), it is still a major challenge for the government to further reduce poverty and improve human developments, in particular achieving a 100 percent primary-school completion rate. As foreign aid is declining, resources need to be mobilized either by taxation or borrowing. Each funding option has drawbacks so it is important when government now chooses how to proceed to have an apprehension of the tradeoffs involved. Also issues arise in whether the composition of public spending should lean towards investment in human capital or infrastructural capital. In this paper, we apply the MAMS computable general equilibrium model developed by the World Bank to do a retrospective analysis study comparing a baseline scenario that mimics the actual development during the period 2005 - 2015 with four counterfactual scenarios in which the four most important MDG targets (education, child mortality, maternal mortality, water and sanitation) are achieved, based on either taxation, foreign borrowing, aid or domestic borrowing. Further, we compare the baseline with three public spending reallocation scenarios. We find that full achievement of these goals would have led to a GDP loss of 17 percent and 10 percent from domestic borrowing or taxation, respectively. For public spending composition we find that the marginal impact on achievement of the targets from reallocating public spending from infrastructure investment to human development sectors in Bangladesh is small.