Suchergebnisse

Over the past century and a quarter, there has been a dramatic decline in the equitable distribution of real income around the world. Associated with this rising inequality has been a dramatic acceleration in the pace of the real economic growth. The association of a decline in the equitable distribution of global income by country with a rapid acceleration in the pace of economic growth, can only mean that a relatively small number of countries have achieved extremely rapid rates of economic growth. The author discusses Japan's experience in this regard. (DÜI-Sen)

Instances of failure since 1980; some focus on reluctance of firms to join government-sponsored research and development projects, including the Fifth Generation Computer project. Includes comparison of spending on R&D and domestic and global market shares of hi-tech industries in France, Germany, Japan, and the US, modesty of tax incentives, phasing-out of tariffs, and possible role of keiretsu (groups of firms) in restricting imports.

Using the records of British firms that supplied nearly 90 percent of world trade in cotton spinning machinery, we track the evolution and diffusion of spinning technology over more than 50 years. In contrast to scenarios in which modern technologies supplant older methods, we observe two paradigms in competitive coexistence, each one supporting ongoing productivity growth through complementary improvements in machinery, organization, and workforce skills. International productivity differences were magnified under the skill-based mule, British spinners being the world's best. Global diffusion of ring spinning was driven by advances in fiber control, a "directed" technological response to the expansion of world trade.