Suchergebnisse

1 Introduction to polymer morphology -- 1.1 Polymer materials -- 1.2 Polymer morphology -- 1.3 Polymer processes -- 1.4 Polymer characterization -- 2 Fundamentals of microscopy -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Optical microscopy -- 2.3 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) -- 2.4 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) -- 2.5 Microscopy of radiation sensitive materials -- 2.6 Analytical microscopy -- 2.7 Quantitative microscopy -- 2.8 Dynamic microscopy -- 3 Imaging theory -- 3.1 Imaging with lenses -- 3.2 Imaging by scanning -- 3.3 Polarizing microscopy -- 3.4 Radiation effects -- 4 Specimen preparation methods -- 4.1 Simple preparation methods -- 4.2 Polishing -- 4.3 Microtomy -- 4.4 Staining -- 4.5 Etching -- 4.6 Replication -- 4.7 Conductive coatings -- 4.8 Yielding and fracture -- 4.9 Freezing and drying methods -- 5 Polymer applications -- 5.1 Fibers -- 5.2 Films and membranes -- 5.3 Engineering resins and plastics -- 5.4 Composites -- 5.5 Emulsions and adhesives -- 5.6 Liquid crystalline polymers -- 6 Problem solving summary -- 6.1 Where to start -- 6.2 Instrumental techniques -- 6.3 Interpretation -- 6.4 Supporting characterizations -- Appendixes -- Appendix I Abbreviations of polymer names -- Appendix II List of acronyms — techniques -- Appendix III Manmade polymeric fibers -- Appendix IV Common commercial polymers and tradenames for plastics, films and engineering resins -- Appendix V General suppliers of EM accessories -- Appendix VI Suppliers of optical and electron microscopes -- Appendix VII Suppliers of x-ray microanalysis equipment.