Suchergebnisse

16th Water Distribution System Analysis Conference, WDSA2014 — Urban Water Hydroinformatics and Strategic Planning ; Water supply systems are very important for societies. If these systems are to fonction properly uncertainty must be handled. Flexibility is essential when operating systems for long-term planning horizons where uncertainty is high. This work proposes a multi-objective framework based on Real Options with three objectives. A Pareto front of solutions is traced whilst satisfying the constraints of the model. The hydraulic constraints are checked using EPANET hydraulic simulator. The model is solved by means of a multi-objective simulated annealing algorithm and the results are presented through a visualization tool and by showing some water network designs for specific solutions. ; European Union - project DESAFIO

16th Water Distribution System Analysis Conference, WDSA2014 — Urban Water Hydroinformatics and Strategic Planning ; Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. ; Population growth and economic development are main causes for increases in the demand for freshwater throughout the world. The likely impacts of climate change and increased urbanisation will result in the increase of the share of global water use to satisfy urban demand and will make water security for urban population even more difficult and costly to achieve. iWIDGET is an EU FP7 funded project (2012-2015), aiming to advance knowledge and understanding about smart metering technologies in order to develop novel, robust, practical and cost-effective methodologies and tools to manage urban water demand in households across Europe. The main scientific challenges for iWIDGET are the management and extraction of useful information from vast amounts of high-resolution consumption data, the development of customised intervention and awareness campaigns to influence behavioural change, and the integration of iWIDGET concepts into a set of decision-support tools ('widgets') for water utilities and consumers, applicable in differing local conditions, in three case studies in the UK, Portugal and Greece. ; European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) - iWIDGET Project (2012-2015)

The revised Bathing Water Directive (rBWD) (2006/7/EC) of the European Parliament requires monitoring of bathing water quality and, if early-warnings are provided to the public, it is permissible to discount a percentage of exceedance events from the monitoring process. This paper describes the development and implementation of both Decision Tree (DT) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based machine learning models for 8 beaches in south-west England, UK, as bases for early warning systems (EWS) and compares their performance for one beach. Weekly bacteria-count samples were gathered by the Environment Agency of England (EA) over a 12-year period from 2000-2011 during the 20-week bathing season and this data is used to calibrate and test the models. Daily sampling data were also collected at 5 of the beaches during the 2012 season to provide more robust validation of the models. As a benchmark, models are also compared with use of simple thresholds of antecedent rainfall to classify water quality exceedances. Evolutionary Algorithm-based optimisation of the ANN models is employed using single-objective approach using area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve as fitness function. The optimum operating point is established using a weighting factor for the relative importance placed on false positives (passes) and false negatives (exceedances). The models use a number of input factors, including antecedent rainfall for the catchment adjacent to each bathing beach. A possible technique for automating selection of inputs is also discussed. ; Environment Agency (SW)

16th Water Distribution System Analysis Conference, WDSA2014 — Urban Water Hydroinformatics and Strategic Planning ; The advent of ICT services on water sector offers new perspective towards sustainable water management. This paper presents an innovative web-based platform, targeting primarily the household end-users. The platform enables consumers to monitor and control, on real-time basis, the water and energy consumption of their household providing valuable information and feedback. At the same time, the platform further supports end-users to modify and improve their consumption profile via an interactive educational process that comprises a variety of on-line tools and applications. This paper discusses the rationale, structure and technologies upon which the platform has been developed and presents an early prototype of the various tools, applications and facilities. ; European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), through the iWIDGET Project (2012-2015)