Suchergebnisse

Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Forest Land Use/Cover Change -- Chapter 3. Forest Classifications and Working Circles -- Chapter 4. National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, and Conservation Reserves -- Chapter 5. Forest Diversity and Distribution -- Chapter 6. Forest Stocks and Products -- Chapter 7. Environmental Index -- Chapter 8. Ecosystem Goods and Services -- Chapter 9. Drivers of Forest Degradation and Conservation Measures -- Chapter 10. Climate Change and Forests -- Chapter 11. Cultural and Socio-Economic Significance of Forests -- Chapter 12. Sustainable Forest Management -- Chapter 13. Conclusions.

Introduction -- Geographical Components of Tourism Development -- Cultural Components of Tourism Development -- Types of Tourism and Major Tourists/Pilgrims' Centres -- The Trends of Tourism and Tourists/Pilgrims' Inflow -- Major Tourists/Pilgrims' Circuits -- Case Studies of Important Tourism Routes -- Infrastructural Facilities for Tourism Development -- A Sustainable Homestay Tourism and Its Prospects -- Sustainable Tourism Development: Constraints and Prospects -- Conclusions.

This book offers a complete picture of the Indian Central Himalayan Region and its livelihood. Coverage includes geo-environmental setting, socio-economy and population profile, sustainable livelihoods, and development of tourism and hydroelectricity.

Sustainable livelihoods and ecosystems are far-reaching and burning issues in the wake of high growth of population, low production and per ha yield of crops and depletion of biodiversity resources. Mountainous regions of the world are facing the menace of poverty, food insecurity and malnutrition. Further, tremendous growth in population and slow pace of development have together forced most of the population to live below poverty line. Traditionally depending upon cultivating subsistence crops for food requirement, the people living in mountainous region are unable to produce sufficient food grains to run their livelihood smoothly. The Himalayas is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots and has an abundance of natural resources: land, water and forest - life sustaining factors. The geo-environmental conditions - climate and landscape further enhance the possibility of sustainable livelihoods through eco-tourism, harnessing water resources and utilizing forests and their products sustainably. Diversifying agricultural practices through cultivating cash and cereal crops and enhancing livelihood options through extensive use of timber and non-timber based forestry products can help to eradicate poverty and provide food security. This book consists of an introduction and nine chapters, covering geo-environmental setting, socio-economy and population profile, sustainable livelihoods: diversification and enhancement, livelihood analysis, development of tourism and hydroelectricity, case studies, mountain ecosystems, sustainable mountain development and also presents a conclusion.

AbstractMountain regions are highly vulnerable to climate change, as they are ecologically fragile, tectonically and seismically active, and geologically sensitive. The main objectives of this study are to examine socio-ecological transformations and to illustrate the major driving forces - climate change, education and waves of modern civilization - in the Garhwal Himalaya. Data on socio-ecological systems and their patterns of change were accumulated from primary and secondary sources and through participatory rural appraisal. We present a case study where household level surveys were conducted in two villages. A total of 37 households were surveyed. Additionally, marginal farmers and extension workers were interviewed. Questions on population, migration, cropping pattern and livestock were answered by the head of the surveyed households. Population size was decreasing due to out-migration. The whole Garhwal region experienced 15.3% out-migration, while migration from the two villages was observed at 50% during the period 1990-2014. Similarly, changes in land use and cropping patterns and in the livestock population were observed. There was a decrease in the extent of land under cereals (24%) and fruits (79%), a decrease in fruit production (75%), and a decrease in the number of livestock (76%). Climate change was observed as a major driver of the decrease in production and productivity of cereals and fruits, leading to land abandonment. Education, on the other hand, was a major driver of out-migration. Further, extreme events through climate change happened more frequently and changed the landscape. This study reveals that an increase in infrastructural facilities to create jobs and sustainable land management can control out-migration and can enhance land capability.