Suchergebnisse

AbstractPhilosophers have debated at length the epistemological status of scientific thought experiments. I contend that the literature on this topic still lacks a common conceptual framework, a lacuna that produces radical disagreement among the participants in this debate. To remedy this problem, I suggest focusing on the distinction between the internal and the external validity of an experiment, which is also crucial for thought experiments. I then develop an account of both kinds of validity in the context of thought experiments. I show that we can naturally conceptualise internal validity in terms of games of make-believe. Then, I argue that external validity is best defined as accurate representation of a target system. Finally, I turn back to the current debate on thought experiments and show that my diarchic account provides a general framework that can be shared by the competing philosophical views, as well as a fruitful guide for their reconciliation.

The purpose of this report is to evaluate the effectiveness of EU policies and measures in the energy field in light of the needs and interests of local bottom-up actors in Egypt. The report firstly aims to provide an overview of the Egyptian energy sector, by revising the most relevant literature and institutional documentation to define current and future trends and identify major challenges. This part also assesses current national energy policies, as well as the framework of EU energy policies in Egypt. In the second part, the report builds on the recursive multi-stakeholder consultations held by the researchers in the field, and presents the perspectives of relevant stakeholders at the local level by addressing the major research questions posed by MEDRESET: What issues do local stakeholders deem most relevant? How do they perceive and assess European policy in the region and in their specific policy area? And what are the main policy recommendations? A conclusion summarizes the core findings.

The purpose of this report is to evaluate the effectiveness of EU policies and measures in the energy field in light of the needs and interests of local bottom-up actors in Morocco. The report firstly provides an overview of the Moroccan energy sector. It reviews the most relevant literature to define current and future trends, to identify the major challenges, analyse current national energy policies and assess their social impacts; then it describes the framework of EU energy policies in Morocco. In the second part, the report discusses the needs and interests of local bottom-up actors in the energy field mainly drawing on the recursive multi-stakeholder consultations held by the researchers in the field. In line with MEDRESET research questions, it highlights the most relevant issues brought up by the local respondents and a few EU stakeholders, evaluating their perception of current Moroccan and EU energy policies in the country and reporting their suggestions for improvements.

This report is aimed at presenting the views of European stakeholders on EU policies relating to industry and energy in the SEM region. It is organized in two parts. The first provides an overview of activities and mechanisms of cooperation of the main European actors involved in the energy and industry sectors of the Mediterranean region and in particular within the countries of interest for the MEDRESET project, namely Egypt, Morocco, Lebanon and Tunisia. The second part reports the major findings regarding the perceptions of European stakeholders on EU policies related to the energy and industry sectors in the Southern Mediterranean, drawing on interviews carried out between the end of 2017 and early 2018 as well as on the documents of their respective organizations