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The current debate on decentralisation offers a partial and polarised view on the sharing of power to manage water. Drawing New Institutionalism as applied in the social and ecological sciences, the paper argues that decentralisation represents a complex adaptive process, wherein agents draw upon the activities of multiple actors and their rules to negotiate and renegotiate their unequal power relations. Examining a watershed in the Indian Himalayas as a case study, the paper demonstrates the incremental and cumulative integration of statutory and socially-embedded rules in facilitating the agents' negotiation process. It reveals the cunning and adaptive behaviour of the agents to decentralise water resource management. The paper argues that though the contemporary decentralised reforms offered opportunities for these agents to negotiate, they do not ensure resource use efficiency, equity, accountability and participation of stakeholders in management of water. The paper identifies the significance of authority, information, scope and pay-off rules to facilitate decentralisation reforms. It recommends the conventional state-centric regulation to strengthen these rules for more informed management of water resources.

Studies on urban metabolism have provided important insights in the material and socio political issues associated with the flow. However, there is dearth of studies that reveal how infrastructure as a hybrid of social and material construct facilitates disease emergence. The paper brings together urban metabolism, political ecology and anthropological studies to examine how the material flow of water is socially constructed and reconstructed through everyday water problems and its health burden in Ahmedabad city, India. The article geo-references the water problems and occurrence of diseases and through interviews documents the socio-spatial characteristics of water problems and health burden in two case study wards. The paper provides a situated understanding of the everyday practices that exposes the water infrastructure through leakages, reveals the citizens desire for better water quality and struggle to gain access to water using diverse 'pressure' tactics. It is this social-material construct of infrastructure that gives structure and coherence to urban space, which spatially coincides with the occurrence of diseases. The analysis reveals the socio-political drivers of the water problems, spatial inequity in water access, and identify potential hypothesis of the hot-spots of disease emergences. Attempts to bring about a desired change have to be collective and incremental that takes into consideration the diffuse interplay of power by diverse actors in managing the flow of water. The methodology offers a way forward for researchers and development agencies to improve the surveillance and monitoring of water infrastructure and public health. By bringing 'place-based' and 'people-based' approach, the analysis charts out avenues for incorporating the socio-spatiality of the everyday problems within the field of urban metabolism for improving resource use efficiencies in cities of rapidly growing economies.

As India becomes ever more urbanised, urban health issues are becoming new impediments for future development. Yet, the topic has received only scant attention in research and politics. This contribution discusses determinants and outcomes of urbanisation on health and the effects of health on urbanisation. First, it provides a framework for the analysis of health in the urban context. After a brief description of the Indian urbanisation process, the paper analyses - on the basis of secondary data - the connections between (1) health and socio-economic structures, (2) health and environment and (3) health and the health care system. The finding show that urban India suffers from a double burden of disease and growing health disparities. In the conclusion, policy implications are described and areas for future research are defined.

Employee relations are the medium through which both employees and the company mutually co-operate for the maximum satisfaction of the economic, social and psychological wants of all people. The objectives of the study are: (1) to analyse the employee relations climate existing at various levels and (2) to identify the various employee attitudes which determines the employee relations in an organised public sector company. It is concluded that Working conditions, Level of supervision, Communication, worker participation, inter personal relationship etc., induce the employee relation climate in the organisation. By improving these factors, a conducive climate can be achieved. Effective and frequent Counseling for the employees and frequent meetings in all levels of the organisation would also influence the climate, which would result in improved climate and productivity.