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International audience ; The arms industries are mainly located in developed countries, but some countries with a large population and area engage in this activity based on several economic analyses of development (theory of import-substitution, product cycle de Vernon, development poles, military Keynesianism, opportunity costs, the influence of the military sector on national R&D, and Marxist analysis). Empirical analyses of the impact of the arms industries in developing countries emphasize the importance of national security, economic independence and economic development itself, but the concrete results, at least in the medium term, are hardly conclusive, in particular due to the importance of the action of multinational firms on locally produced products, the heavy capital of military investments, the virtual monopoly of R&D in developed countries and the difficult transfer of military technologies to the civilian sector. ; Les industries d'armement sont principalement localisées dans les pays développés, mais quelques pays à forte population et superficie s'engagent dans cette activité en se fondant sur plusieurs analyses économiques du développement (théorie de l'import-substitution, cycle des produits de Vernon, pôles de développement, keynésianisme militaire, coûts d'opportunité, l'influence du secteur militaire sur la R&D nationale, et l'analyse marxiste). Les analyses empiriques de l'impact des industries d'armement dans les pays en développement insistent sur l'importance de la sécurité nationale, l'indépendance économique et le développement économique lui-même, mais les résultats concrets, au moins à moyen terme, ne s'avèrent guère concluants, notamment du fait de l'importance de l'action des firmes multinationales sur les produits fabriqués localement, la lourdeur en capital des investissements militaires, le monopole de la R&D des pays développés et le difficile transfert des technologies militaires vers le secteur civil.

Armaments industries are mainly located in developed countries, but a few countries with large populations and surface areas engage in this activity on the basis of several economic analyses of development (import/substitution theory, Vernon product cycle, development poles, military keynesianism, opportunity costs, the influence of the military sector on national R & D, and marxist analysis). Empirical analyses of the impact of armaments industries in developing countries emphasise the importance of national security, economic independence and economic development itself, but the concrete results, at least in the medium term, are inconclusive, not least because of the importance of multinational firms acting on locally produced products, the heavy capital burden of military investment, the monopoly on R & D from developed countries and the difficult transfer of military technology to the civilian sector. ; International audience The arms industries are mainly located in developed countries, but some countries with a large population and area engage in this activity based on several economic analyses of development (theory of import-substitution, product cycle de Vernon, development poles, military Keynesianism, opportunity costs, the influence of the military sector on national R&D, and Marxist analysis). Empirical analyses of the impact of the arms industries in developing countries emphasize the importance of national security, economic independence and economic development itself, but the concrete results, at least in the medium term, are hardly conclusive, in particular due to the importance of the action of multinational firms on locally produced products, the heavy capital of military investments, the virtual monopoly of R&D in developed countries and the difficult transfer of military technologies to the civilian sector. ; Armaments industries are mainly located in developed countries, but a few countries with large populations and surface areas engage in this activity on the basis of ...

International audience ; The arms industries are mainly located in developed countries, but some countries with a large population and area engage in this activity based on several economic analyses of development (theory of import-substitution, product cycle de Vernon, development poles, military Keynesianism, opportunity costs, the influence of the military sector on national R&D, and Marxist analysis). Empirical analyses of the impact of the arms industries in developing countries emphasize the importance of national security, economic independence and economic development itself, but the concrete results, at least in the medium term, are hardly conclusive, in particular due to the importance of the action of multinational firms on locally produced products, the heavy capital of military investments, the virtual monopoly of R&D in developed countries and the difficult transfer of military technologies to the civilian sector. ; Les industries d'armement sont principalement localisées dans les pays développés, mais quelques pays à forte population et superficie s'engagent dans cette activité en se fondant sur plusieurs analyses économiques du développement (théorie de l'import-substitution, cycle des produits de Vernon, pôles de développement, keynésianisme militaire, coûts d'opportunité, l'influence du secteur militaire sur la R&D nationale, et l'analyse marxiste). Les analyses empiriques de l'impact des industries d'armement dans les pays en développement insistent sur l'importance de la sécurité nationale, l'indépendance économique et le développement économique lui-même, mais les résultats concrets, au moins à moyen terme, ne s'avèrent guère concluants, notamment du fait de l'importance de l'action des firmes multinationales sur les produits fabriqués localement, la lourdeur en capital des investissements militaires, le monopole de la R&D des pays développés et le difficile transfert des technologies militaires vers le secteur civil.