Suchergebnisse

This study documents the magnitude and variation in NPI effectiveness in reducing COVID-19 transmission (i.e., reduction in effective reproduction rate [R eff] and daily contact rate) in Italy, the United States, the United Kingdom, and China.

Environmental sampling surveillance (ESS) systems can serve as an early warning system and support pandemic response. Using COVID-19 as a case study, the paper quantifies ESS's value for pandemic preparedness and response decisions.