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The use of artificial intelligence as a form of development is becoming increasingly common. Artificial intelligence is causing significant changes, including in the health sector. Further research is needed to determine the protection of patient privacy in the context of the use of artificial intelligence in the health sector and the need for legal reform related to the use of artificial intelligence in the health sector. This type of research is normative jurisprudence, using legal and conceptual approaches. The results of this study indicate the need for legal reform related to the use of artificial intelligence in the health sector. This reform should include restrictions on the use of artificial intelligence in the health sector, as well as guarantees of confidentiality of patient data.

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have been utilized for acquiring political knowledge. However, there remain questions about their accuracy and fairness, as these models may harbour biases in understanding political parties. This study aims to quantify the understanding of Japanese political parties using the ChatGPT model and evaluate the model's biases and their impacts. Specifically, we conducted experiments using pairs of questions and answers that reflect the stances of each party to investigate the extent to which the model demonstrates understanding toward specific parties. The experimental results revealed that ChatGPT-4 exhibits a significantly higher level of understanding towards the Liberal Democratic Party, while its understanding of newer parties like Reiwa Shinsengumi is lower. Additionally, the GPT model acting as a voter tends to have a positive bias towards certain parties and reflects progressive ideologies. It was also shown that the recognition of political parties influences the model's understanding, with factors such as the number of seats, advertising expenses, and the frequency of party names in the dataset potentially playing crucial roles. Based on these findings, this study provides a foundation for enhancing the accuracy and fairness of party understanding using GPT models and proposes improvements for future research and practice.

The success of an educational institution is largely determined by its leaders. Leadership is a very crucial aspect, perhaps even the most important in an organization. To face the very complex challenges of future education, transformative educational leaders are needed. Muhammadiyah has crossed the ages with the development of its charitable educational endeavors. All of this cannot be separated from the transformative educational leadership of Ahmad Dahlan, the Muhamadiyah founder. This research will explore the characteristics of transformative leadership and its relevance to the development of Muhammadiyah education. By using the literature research method (library research) it was found that Ahmad Dahlan has all the characteristics of a transformative educational leader. Such as a) Having charisma; b) Always present intellectual stimulation; c) Having attention and concern for each individual follower; d) Motivation that inspires followers; e) Trying to increase the capacity of its followers; f) Give more examples than talk a lot. The relevance is in the inheritance of the three main values of Ahmad Dahlan's leadership: sincerity and exemplary; continuous progress and innovation; and lifelong education in Muhammadiyah educational institutions ranging from primary, secondary and tertiary levels.

Today's mass media are entering the age of technology. Mass media generally has a structure that governs policy and social construction. Online mass media news can potentially to establish a significant framework that shapes public opinion. The U20 World Cup cancellation has emerged as a significant political topic. His study aims to analyze how Kompas.com and Beritasatu.com communicated the impact of the 2023 U20 World Cup cancellation in Indonesia. Ganjar Pranowo, a political figure, has emerged as the primary focus due to his anticipated participation in the 2024 elections. The qualitative research method employs the Zhongdang Pan and Gerald Kosicki models and Shoemaker and Reese's hierarchical theory of media influence. Based on the framing analysis, the researchers discovered that Kompas.com and Beritasatu.com operate within distinct communication frameworks. Kompas.com reported on the consequences of the U20 World Cup's cancellation, presenting both positive and bad aspects of the news. While Beritasatu.com emphasizes the government's disappointment, the two media have different perspectives on the same news. On Beritasatu.com, rhetoric in the form of phrases is easy to find. The influence of media hierarchy extends to both media and its opposites. The five levels of hierarchy identify the role of Kompas.com's gatekeeper in selecting outstanding words to attract attention while Beritasatu.com uses euphemism.

The financial literacy index in Indonesia continues to increase, followed by an increase in the digital literacy index. The paper aims to investigate the effect of digital financial Literacy on QRIS payment intention among Yogyakarta Moslem students. The data were collected by using survey methods employing a purposive sampling approach. Structural equation modelling with the sample of 100 Yogyakarta Muslim student respondents was applied to test the influence of digital finance literacy on the intention to use QRIS payments. The results endorse that 1) Trust has a positive effect on the intention to use QRIS, 2) digital literacy has a positive effect on the intention to use QRIS, and 3) Knowledge, competency, and attitude do not have significant effects on the intention to use QRIS. This study suggests several theoretical and practical implications from the findings, as well as limitations and future directions.

This research examines the influence of the Independent Board of Commissioners, Gender Diversity, and Institutional Ownership on Carbon Emissions Disclosure. The objects of this research are energy, transportation, and logistics sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2020-2022. In this research, the samples from 48 companies were selected using purposive sampling. The analysis tool used is SPSS ver. 22. This research found that independent boards of commissioners and gender diversity did not influence carbon emissions disclosure, while institutional ownership positively affected carbon emissions disclosure.

Domestic violence is a form of human rights violation. Even though domestic violence has been prohibited, this kind of violence still often occurs in Indonesia. On Sunday, January 8, 2023, Venna Melinda experienced an incident of domestic violence committed by her husband, Ferry Irawan, resulting in a nose injury. This normative juridical research was conducted through a literature review using a legal framework and then evaluated using descriptive analytical methodology. Regarding the domestic violence faced by Venna Melinda, it should be noted that although CEDAW does not specifically address domestic violence, it requires member states to enact laws that address all types of discrimination against women, including domestic violence. Indonesia's ratification of CEDAW shows Indonesia's dedication to eliminating gender-based discrimination, which was transformed by the enactment of the PKDRT Law. The police have resolved the domestic violence case involving Venna Melinda so that the perpetrator received a criminal sentence from the judge. However, the Domestic Violence Law in Indonesia still has shortcomings in its regulation, so the handling of domestic violence situations is not optimal. Therefore, the author believes that the PKDRT Law has not effectively implemented CEDAW's directives to eliminate gender-based discrimination against women. Based on the author's point of view, the Domestic Violence Law needs to be revised, and its implementation should be improved as required by CEDAW.

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has produced advanced tools performing tasks traditionally done by humans, but this progress introduces significant legal, ethical, and security challenges. These challenges encompass concerns about individual privacy, data security, legal liability, biases in AI decision-making, and the necessity for international collaboration on regulatory frameworks that balance innovation with public protection. This research analyzes the roles and responsibilities of governments, companies, and individuals in safeguarding personal data from AI misuse. Employing normative juridical methods with statutory and analytical approaches, it focuses primarily on Indonesia's Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection and Law Number 19 of 2016, which amends Law Number 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions. While Indonesia's Personal Data Protection (PDP) Law aims to prevent misuse by AI through comprehensive regulations and clear data protection measures, it does not specifically address challenges posed by AI technology. Given AI's ability to process large-scale data rapidly, there's an increased risk of personal data misuse if not closely monitored. Therefore, reform is needed to develop regulations that are more specific and adaptable to AI developments, including establishing specialized agencies to monitor and prosecute AI-related personal data misuse.

Islamic peer-to-peer lending is a Sharia compliance platform that connects lenders with borrowers. This research aims to find out the effect of Promotion, Return Expectations, and Risk Perceptions on the Investment intention of Islamic peer-to-peer lending investors. This quantitative research used a questionnaire distribution method. The sample in this research was 100 respondents, and data processing used a Partial Least Square (PLS) computer system. The data analysis technique in the research used two techniques, namely the measurement model test (outer model) and the structural model test (inner model). The results of this research show that the Promotion and Risk Perception variables have a significant effect on Investment Intention, while the Return Expectation variable has no effect on Investment Intention. P2P lending fintech companies are expected to continue to increase promotions, minimize risks, and improve the company's image so that investors feel safe and are interested in investing in Sharia peer-to-peer lending companies.

Indonesia lacks a dedicated institution for personal data protection, a lack of which has led to increased data breaches and misuse. The Presidential Regulation, which regulates duties and authorities, has not been effective in addressing the issue. The country's transition to digital technologies has not led to comprehensive legal protections. This type of research uses normative juridical research methods, using a statutory approach and an analytical approach, with the primary legal material is Law No. 27 of 2022 on the Protection of Personal Data, followed by analysis through grammatical interpretation and teleological interpretation. The result suggests that In Indonesia, the responsibility for overseeing data protection is currently held by an institution appointed by the President, raising concerns about the supervisory function's independence. To address this, legal reforms are needed to create an independent supervisory institution with complete organizational autonomy, defining its structure, decision-making processes, and financial independence. This will prevent undue influence from external factors, such as political influence, and ensure a secure digital environment for all stakeholders.

Human rights may be defined as the basic rights that every human being is presumed to possess from the moment of birth. It is the responsibility of the government to protect its citizens, a responsibility that encompasses the protection of all, including children. This obligation extends to all children, regardless of their specific circumstances, including those with special needs, who are often referred to as children with disabilities. This study addresses two research questions, namely: how the legal framework in Indonesia regulates the protection of children with special needs in healthcare services and how is the law enforcement regarding cases of discrimination in healthcare services against children with special needs in Indonesia. This normative juridical research employs both a statutory approach and an analytical approach. The outcome of this research is that the legislation and regulatory framework governing the fulfilment of the rights of children with special needs, including health services, has resulted in the establishment of legal entitlements, benefits, and certainty. However, in practice, the fulfilment of the rights of children with special needs to obtain health services without discrimination has not been implemented in accordance with the relevant legislation.

The advent of artificial intelligence has led to the development of sophisticated tools and systems that are capable of performing tasks that were previously the exclusive domain of humans. The utilization of AI in the context of intellectual property rights also raises questions regarding the ownership of the rights to the work produced by the AI system. The research uses a normative-juridical approach to examine AI's legal standing in intellectual property rights (IPR) enforcement and protection against AI-related infringements. It analyzes laws like the Electronic Information and Technology Act and the Copyright Act through statutory and conceptual approaches, aiming to clarify how current legal frameworks address AI's role in IPR and protect rights holders. The outcome of this study addresses the position of AI under Indonesian positive law concerning the enforcement of intellectual property rights protection, which lacks legal certainty. Consequently, it is imperative to impose specific limitations on the utilization of artificial intelligence in order to prevent infringement of registered intellectual property rights. The legal protection against intellectual property rights infringement by artificial intelligence encompasses both preventive and repressive measures.

The Indonesia-Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA) is an ongoing inter-regional collaboration that provides a unique opportunity to study the impact of trade agreements on the development of Australian green economic investments in Indonesia. The author employs a descriptive research model to examine the research. As a result, Australian green economy projects in Indonesia have received increased funding and variety. However, conflicts between economic, environmental, and social factors are frequently unavoidable during the development process. As a result, the Indonesian government must immediately align policies by raising Environmental Social Governance (ESG) standards and involving the community in all stages of its development.

The application of the Internet of Things (Iot) in governance in Indonesia is increasingly encouraged by the "Movement Towards Smart City". The purpose of this research is to find out how news mapping about Smart City indicators in Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative research method by relying on data sources - secondary data. These sources include official news media reports for the 2019-2023 period. The results of this study show that the news site that narrates the Smartest City indicators is Republika news site. The most narrated Smart City indicator is the indicator of Smart Mobility, where the news that appears most often is about the development of internet networks in Indonesia. Smart Mobility is the most dominant indicator reported on the five news sites because in Indonesia itself, the internet network, digitalization is something that is experiencing significant development. With the rise of digitalization in Indonesia itself as a form of implementation of Smart City Indicators, Smart Mobility, of course, the government must begin to be able to implement other Smart City Indicators, such as Smart Environment, Smart Economy, Smart Living, Smart Governance and Smart People. There needs to be a policy from the Government of Indonesia itself to maximize the Smart City indicators.

Freedom Shield 23 is a bilateral joint military exercise between South Korea and the United States, conducted from March 13 to March 23, 2023. The exercise aims to strengthen the defense system against the increasing nuclear threat from North Korea. This normative legal research adopts an international legal perspective, relying on literature reviews to systematically and logically analyse the data using analytical descriptive methods. South Korea, while seeking to avoid military conflict with North Korea, has responded to ongoing nuclear provocations by engaging in military cooperation with the United States through Freedom Shield 23 as a peaceful deterrence effort. This exercise aligns with the objectives of the United Nations, particularly Article 1, Paragraph 1 of the UN Charter. Freedom Shield 23 is characterized by computer-simulated command post training, incorporating blockchain and AI technology to address the challenges of digitalization. The digital transformation facilitated by this exercise enhances the readiness and synchronization of South Korean and U.S. troops, thereby strengthening defense and supporting the UN's goals of maintaining regional security and stability on the Korean Peninsula.