Suchergebnisse

Recently, many states have implemented requirements for scientific or medical accuracy in sexuality education and HIV prevention programs. Although seemingly uncontroversial, these requirements respond to the increasing injection of ideology into sexuality education, as represented by abstinence-only programs.

Electronic health records (EHRs) have been promoted as providing an opportunity to rationalize health care services and overcome the problems associated with a fragmented care system—yet EHRs also pose several critical, evolving challenges that remain to be addressed. Given that patients frequently change clinicians and see a variety of primary care clinicians and specialists, EHRs have the potential for improving the quality of health care, permitting more effective coordination of multiple clinicians, improving the safety of medications, and allowing more rapid evaluation of care.1,2 Given this potential, the federal government has made significant investments in the development of EHRs.2 Although much attention has been given to the benefits of EHRs, there has been less discussion of the serious challenges regarding privacy for minor adolescents and parents. In this Viewpoint we focus on 2 related threats to confidentiality created by EHRs: the possibility of disclosure to parents of health information that the adolescent may wish to keep private and disclosure to the adolescent of information that parents may wish to keep private.

INTRODUCTION: This article examines recent moral panics over sex education in Uganda from historical perspectives. Public outcry over comprehensive sexuality education erupted in 2016 over claims that children were being taught "homosexuality" by international NGOs. Subsequent debates over sex education revolved around defending what public figures claimed were national, religious, and cultural values from foreign infiltration. METHODS: This paper is grounded in a survey of Uganda's two English-print national newspapers (2016–2018), archival research of newspapers held at Uganda's Vision Group media company (1985–2005), analyses of public rhetoric as reported in nationally circulating media, textual analysis of Uganda's National Sexuality Education Framework (2018), formal interviews with Ugandan NGO officers (3), and semi-structured interviews with Ugandan educators (3). RESULTS: Uganda's current panic over sex education reignited longstanding anxieties over foreign interventions into the sexual health and rights of Ugandans. We argue that in the wake of a 35-year battle with HIV/AIDS and more recent controversies over LGBT rights, both of which brought international donor resources and governance, the issue of where and how to teach young people about sex became a new battleground over the state's authority to govern the health and economic prosperity of its citizens. CONCLUSIONS: Ethno- and religio-nationalist rhetoric used to oppose the state's new sexuality education policy was also used to justify sex education as a tool for economic development. POLICY IMPLICATIONS: Analyzing rhetoric mobilized by both supporters and detractors of sex education reveals the contested political terrain policy advocates must navigate in Uganda and other postcolonial contexts.

Widely used dichotomous categorical measures of pregnancy intentions do not represent well the complexity of factors involved in women's intentions. We used a variety of exploratory statistical methods to examine measures of pregnancy intention in the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth (N = 3,032 pregnancies). Factor analyses identified two key dimensions of pregnancy intentions (desire and mistiming) and two smaller nondimensional categories (overdue and don't care). Desire included both affective and cognitive variables, as well as partner‐specific factors. Similar pregnancy‐intention dimensions were found for adolescent and adult women, across socioeconomic status, and among racial and ethnic groups. Both desire and mistiming were highly predictive of the decision to abort or continue the pregnancy. These analyses strongly support prior demographic thinking about the importance of both the timing of pregnancy and wanting a baby, but suggest that multidimensional rather than simple categorical measures of pregnancy intentions should be used.

Entering college is recognized as a developmental milestone. Completing college is difficult, however, and students who are first-generation (FG) or low-income (LI) or both (FGLI) encounter unique challenges. In secondary analysis of data from a population-based survey ( N=1671 undergraduates) at two interconnected highly-selective institutions of higher education, we examined belonging, mental health, and well-being comparing the overall student body to FG, LI, and FGLI students. Most FG, LI, and FGLI students reported a strong sense of belonging, few mental health symptoms, and good general health and well-being. Compared to the overall student body, FG, LI and FGLI students reported lower levels of perceived family support, worse sleep quality, and worked more hours for pay; FG and FGLI students reported higher symptoms of depression; LI and FGLI reported less hazardous drinking. Interventions and programmatic changes at the institutional level are needed to build campuses where students of all backgrounds can thrive.

Abstinence from sexual intercourse can be a healthy choice for adolescents, particularly if an adolescent is not ready to engage in sex. However, government programs exclusively promoting abstinence-only-until-marriage (AOUM) are problematic from scientific and ethical viewpoints. Most young people initiate sexual intercourse as adolescents or young adults, and given a rising age at first marriage around the globe, increasingly fewer adolescents wait until marriage to initiate sex. While theoretically fully protective, abstinence intentions often fail, as abstinence is not maintained. AOUM programs are not effective in delaying initiation of sexual intercourse or changing other behaviors. Conversely, many comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) programs successfully delay initiation of sexual intercourse and reduce sexual risk behaviors. AOUM programs inherently provide incomplete information and are often neglectful to sexually active adolescents; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) adolescents; pregnant and parenting adolescents; and survivors of sexual assault. Promotion of AOUM policies by the United States (U.S.) government has undermined sexuality education in the U.S. and in U.S. foreign aid programs to prevent HIV infection. In many U.S. communities, AOUM programs have replaced more comprehensive approaches to sexuality education.

Adolescence is marked by the emergence of human sexuality, sexual identity and the initiation of intimate relations; within this context, abstinence from sexual intercourse can be a healthy choice. However, programs that promote abstinence-only-until-marriage (AOUM) or sexual risk avoidance (SRA), are scientifically and ethically problematic and—as such—have been widely rejected by medical and public health professionals. Although abstinence is theoretically effective, in actual practice, intentions to abstain from sexual activity often fail. Given a rising age at first marriage around the world, a rapidly declining percentage of young people remain abstinent until marriage. Promotion of AOUM policies by the United States (U.S.) government has undermined sexuality education in the U.S. and in U.S. foreign aid programs; funding for AOUM continues in the U.S. The weight of scientific evidence finds that AOUM programs are not effective in delaying initiation of sexual intercourse or changing other sexual risk behaviors. AOUM programs, as defined by U.S. federal funding requirements, inherently withhold information about human sexuality and may provide medically inaccurate and stigmatizing information. Thus, AOUM programs threaten fundamental human rights to health, information, and life. Young people need access to accurate and comprehensive sexual health information to protect their health and lives.

Adolescence is marked by the emergence of human sexuality, sexual identity, and the initiation of intimate relations; within this context, abstinence from sexual intercourse can be a healthy choice. However, programs that promote abstinence-only-until-marriage (AOUM) or sexual risk avoidance are scientifically and ethically problematic and—as such—have been widely rejected by medical and public health professionals. Although abstinence is theoretically effective, in actual practice, intentions to abstain from sexual activity often fail. Given a rising age at first marriage around the world, a rapidly declining percentage of young people remain abstinent until marriage. Promotion of AOUM policies by the U.S. government has undermined sexuality education in the United States and in U.S. foreign aid programs; funding for AOUM continues in the United States. The weight of scientific evidence finds that AOUM programs are not effective in delaying initiation of sexual intercourse or changing other sexual risk behaviors. AOUM programs, as defined by U.S. federal funding requirements, inherently withhold information about human sexuality and may provide medically inaccurate and stigmatizing information. Thus, AOUM programs threaten fundamental human rights to health, information, and life. Young people need access to accurate and comprehensive sexual health information to protect their health and lives.

Adolescence is marked by the emergence of human sexuality, sexual identity, and the initiation of intimate relations; within this context, abstinence from sexual intercourse can be a healthy choice. However, programs that promote abstinence-only-until-marriage (AOUM) or sexual risk avoidance are scientifically and ethically problematic and—as such—have been widely rejected by medical and public health professionals. Although abstinence is theoretically effective, in actual practice, intentions to abstain from sexual activity often fail. Given a rising age at first marriage around the world, a rapidly declining percentage of young people remain abstinent until marriage. Promotion of AOUM policies by the U.S. government has undermined sexuality education in the United States and in U.S. foreign aid programs; funding for AOUM continues in the United States. The weight of scientific evidence finds that AOUM programs are not effective in delaying initiation of sexual intercourse or changing other sexual risk behaviors. AOUM programs, as defined by U.S. federal funding requirements, inherently withhold information about human sexuality and may provide medically inaccurate and stigmatizing information. Thus, AOUM programs threaten fundamental human rights to health, information, and life. Young people need access to accurate and comprehensive sexual health information to protect their health and lives.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: A Social and Structural Framework for the Analysis of Latino Males' Health -- Chapter 1. Demographic Transformations, Structural Contexts, and Transitions to Adulthood -- Chapter 2. The Implications and Impact of Race on the Health of Hispanic/Latino Males -- Chapter 3. Improvements in Latino Health Data -- Chapter 4. Latino Boys: The Early Years -- Chapter 5. The Sexual and Reproductive Health of Young Latino Males Living in the United States -- Chapter 6.1 Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs -- Chapter 7. The Causes and Consequences of Poor Health among Latino Vietnam Veterans: Parallels for Latino Veterans of the War in Iraq -- Chapter 8. Health of Incarcerated Latino Men -- Chapter 9. Emergent Chronic Conditions -- Chapter 10. Psychiatric Disorders and Mental Health Service Use among Latino Men in the United States -- Chapter 11. Social Determinants of HIV/AIDS: A Focus on Discrimination and Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men -- Chapter 12. Health Coverage, Utilization, and Expenditures among Latino Men -- Chapter 13. Mental Health of Elderly Latino Males -- Conclusion: New Directions for Research, Policy, and Programs Addressing the Health of Latino Males -- Appendix: An Overview of Latino Males' Health Status -- Contributors -- Index