Suchergebnisse

Questões relacionadas à construção identitária vem cada vez mais despertando interesse na comunidade acadêmica como um amplo campo de investigação. Nesta perspectiva, conceitos como investimento, identidades imaginadas e comunidades imaginadas são usados para ajudar a definir esse fenômeno composto por múltiplas camadas, chamado de identidade. A construção da identidade na pós-modernidade ocorre de modo contínuo e de forma aparentemente interminável, uma vez que o indivíduo se relaciona e pertence, ao mesmo tempo a diversos grupos e contextos sociais, que se integram e ajudam a formar a identidade do indivíduo. Embora não definida permanentemente, a identidade assumida por esse individuo afeta diretamente seu modo de ver o mundo e como ele deseja ser visto. A partir dos conceitos acima mencionados, o presente trabalho traz os resultados de um estudo qualitativo que teve por objetivo entender a construção da identidade de um grupo de futuros professores de inglês, enquanto aprendizes e usuários do referido idioma, e o impacto desta construção na sua prática docente ainda em formação. Os dados foram gerados a partir de um questionário aberto com alunos-professores de um curso de Letras Português/Inglês de uma universidade pública da cidade de Campo Grande. Os resultados sugerem que uma vez identificada relações entre comunidades imaginadas e identidades imaginadas no ambiente desses alunos-professores, seus investimentos e o desejo de se apropriar da língua geram impactos nas práticas da língua na formação destes alunos-professores. A compreensão destes conceitos ajudou a entender e construir suas identidades diante desse enredo de conflito e por vezes contraditórias.

This article belongs to the Section Material Sciences. ; Definition: Active edible packaging is a food packaging made of comestible bioproducts and active compounds that interacts with the food. The bioproducts, usually biopolymers, must be recognized as safe and with characteristics to be consumed by humans—comestible—and not toxic and capable of carrying an active compound, like anti-browning agents, colorants, flavors, nutrients, antimicrobial and/or antioxidant compounds, in order to extend the product shelf-life, reduce contamination and maintain or even enhance the nutritional value. ; This work was supported by UIDB/04077/2020 and UIDB/00211/2020 with funding from FCT/MCTES. This research was also supported by the PANACEA project that has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program under Grant Agreement 773501. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of more than half of the world&rsquo ; s population. The main factors affecting the quality of rice include grain length, texture, stickiness, flavor, and aroma. Pesticides are intended for the protection of plant products from weeds, fungi, or insects. However, pesticides also result in negative effects such as environment disturbances, pest resistance and toxicity to both users and food consumers. The aim of this study was to conduct validation experiments of a method for the determination of multi-pesticides in rice, a model food of other cereals. A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method was used for the extraction of pesticide residues from rice followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) with a triple quadrupole instrument using electrospray ionization. The analytical method has chromatography-tandem according to SANTE/11813/2017. The limit of quantification was 5 &mu ; g/kg. Recoveries for the 155 analyzed pesticides ranged between 77.1% for pirimiphos-ethyl and 111.5% for flutriafol and they were determined at 3 spiking levels. The proposed method was demonstrated to be quick, simple, precise, and accurate and allowed for evaluating the compliance of cereals samples with legislated maximum residue levels of pesticides in the European Union.

This article belongs to the Section Food Quality and Safety ; Fruit by-products have a low economic value and have proven biological activities, such as antioxidant capacity due to the presence of active compounds. The main objective of this study was to obtain and determine the antioxidant capacity, through DPPH radical assay and β-carotene bleaching assay, of three food grade extracts from apple, lemon, and orange industrial by-products. Furthermore, the extracts were characterized by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). LC with diode array detector (LC-DAD) was used for the quantification of the main polyphenols. Lemon extract presented the highest inhibition percentage of DPPH radical (51.7%) and the highest total phenolics content (43.4 mg GAE/g) from the by-products studied. Orange by-product was that with the higher number of polyphenols while lemon extract was that with the highest content of individual phenolics. The by-product obtained from the lemon was that with higher amounts of hydroxycinnamic acids (407 µg/g of by-product), mainly chlorogenic acid (386.7 µg/g), followed by the apple by-product (128.0 µg/g of by-product), which showed higher amounts of rosmarinic and chlorogenic acids. These industrial by-products have great potential as a source of natural antioxidants to be used directly as food additives or to be incorporated in packaging to produce active food packaging. ; This work was carried out in the frame of the VIPACFood project (grant agreement no. 618127). This project is funded by ARIMNet2 (Coordination of Agricultural Research in the Mediterranean; 2014–2017), an ERA-NET Action financed by the European Union under the Seventh Framework Programme. In Spain this action is co-funded by the Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (MINECO-INIA) ref. APCIN2016-00061-00-00. Cássia H. Barbosa is grateful for her research grant in the frame of the VIPACFood project (ARIM NET2/0003/2016). Mariana Andrade and Fernando Ramos would like to thank the INTERREG V A Spain-Portugal Programme (POCTEP) through the project 0377_IBERPHENOL_6_E regarding the phenolic compounds part. L. Barbosa-Pereira is grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for her "Juan de la Cierva—Incorporación" Grant (Agreement No. IJCI 2017-31665). The work was supported by UIDB/00211/2020 and by UIDB/50006/2020 with funding from FCT/MCTES. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Incorporation of antioxidant agents in edible films and packages often relies in the usage of essential oils and other concentrated hydrophobic liquids, with reliable increases in antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the overall composite, but with less desirable synthetic sources and extraction methods. Hydroethanolic extracts of commercially-available red macroalgae Gracilaria gracilis were evaluated for their antioxidant potential and phenolic content, as part of the selection of algal biomass for the enrichment of thermoplastic film coatings. The extracts were obtained through use of solid-liquid extractions, over which yield, DPPH radical reduction capacity, total phenolic content, and FRAP activity assays were measured. Solid-to-liquid ratio, extraction time, and ethanol percentages were selected as independent variables, and response surface methodology (RSM) was then used to estimate the effect of each extraction condition on the tested bioactivities. These extracts were electrospun into polypropylene films and the antioxidant activity of these coatings was measured. Similar bioactivities were measured for both 100% ethanolic and aqueous extracts, revealing high viability in the application of both for antioxidant coating purposes, though activity losses as a result of the electrospinning process were above 60% in all cases. ; This work was supported by the research project "i.FILM-Multifunctional Films for Intelligent and Active Applications" (n◦ 17921) cofounded by European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program under the "Portugal 2020" Program, Call no. 33/SI/2015, Co-Promotion Projects and by the Integrated Programme of SR&TD "Smart Valorization of Endogenous Marine Biological Resources Under a Changing Climate" (reference Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018), co-funded by Centro 2020 program, Portugal 2020, European Union, through the European Regional Development Fund. This work was also supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) and Centro2020 through the following Projects: UIDB/04044/2020, UIDP/04044/2020, PAMI—ROTEIRO/0328/2013 (N◦ 022158) and MATIS Molecules 2020, 25, 4060 11 of 12 (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000014-3362). Also, this study had the support of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), through the strategic project UID/MAR/04292/2019 granted to MARE. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Fruit by-products have a low economic value and have proven biological activities, such as antioxidant capacity due to the presence of active compounds. The main objective of this study was to obtain and determine the antioxidant capacity, through DPPH radical assay and β-carotene bleaching assay, of three food grade extracts from apple, lemon, and orange industrial by-products. Furthermore, the extracts were characterized by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). LC with diode array detector (LC-DAD) was used for the quantification of the main polyphenols. Lemon extract presented the highest inhibition percentage of DPPH radical (51.7%) and the highest total phenolics content (43.4 mg GAE/g) from the by-products studied. Orange by-product was that with the higher number of polyphenols while lemon extract was that with the highest content of individual phenolics. The by-product obtained from the lemon was that with higher amounts of hydroxycinnamic acids (407 µg/g of by-product), mainly chlorogenic acid (386.7 µg/g), followed by the apple by-product (128.0 µg/g of by-product), which showed higher amounts of rosmarinic and chlorogenic acids. These industrial by-products have great potential as a source of natural antioxidants to be used directly as food additives or to be incorporated in packaging to produce active food packaging ; This work was carried out in the frame of the VIPACFood project (grant agreement no. 618127). This project is funded by ARIMNet2 (Coordination of Agricultural Research in the Mediterranean; 2014–2017), an ERA-NET Action financed by the European Union under the Seventh Framework Programme. In Spain this action is co-funded by the Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (MINECO-INIA) ref. APCIN2016-00061-00-00. Cássia H. Barbosa is grateful for her research grant in the frame of the VIPACFood project (ARIMNET2/0003/2016). Mariana Andrade and Fernando Ramos would like to thank the INTERREG V A ...

Aqueous extracts of commercially available red macroalgae Porphyra dioica were integrated as inner coatings of food-grade polypropylene (PP) films through use of electrospinning and electrospraying technologies. Two coating formulations (A = 5 wt% P. dioica extract and 7.5 wt% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); B = 1 wt% P. dioica extract, 1 wt% PVA, and 17% gelatine) were evaluated as to their capacity to delay spoilage of minced chicken breasts, through monitoring of microbial growth (total mesophile aerobic colony counts), colour stability, lipid oxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)), and sensory analysis over a 4-day refrigerated storage. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed an increased nanofiber and nanoparticle density on extract-enriched fibers, without compromise to their morphology or the homogeneity of the coatings. Total microbial counts on coating B samples was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced compared to uncoated plastic wraps. The coated samples also exhibited fewer colour degradation, though the coatings did not di er substantially from uncoated plastic wrap. Sensory analysis test subjects successfully distinguished the raw samples based on their treatment and gave a positive approval rating (66.7%) to the extract-enriched coatings when asked about edibility post storage. ; This work was supported by the research project "i.FILM – Multifunctional Films for Intelligent and Active Applications" (nº 17921) cofounded by European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program under the "Portugal 2020" Program, Call no. 33/SI/2015, Co-Promotion Projects and by the Integrated Programme of SR&TD "Smart Valorization of Endogenous Marine Biological Resources Under a Changing Climate" (reference Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018), co-funded Coatings 2020, 10, 315 12 of 14 by Centro 2020 program, Portugal 2020, European Union, through the European Regional Development Fund. This work was also supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) and Centro2020 through the following Projects: UIDB/04044/2020, UIDP/04044/2020, PAMI - ROTEIRO/0328/2013 (Nº 022158) and MATIS (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000014 - 3362). João Reboleira, Sara Guerreiro and Mariana Andrade are grateful for their research grant (2016/iFILM/BM) in the frame of iFILM project. Also, this study had the support of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), through the strategic project UID/MAR/04292/2019 granted to MARE. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

INTRODUCTION: Worldwide dietary data for nutrition monitoring and surveillance are commonly derived from Food Balance Sheets (FBS) and Household Budget Surveys (HBS). OBJECTIVES: To identify and monitor dietary patterns in six countries surrounding the Black Sea (Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russian Federation, Turkey and Ukraine) based on comparable data and to explore possible effects on mortality rates in the region. METHOD/DESIGN: In the context of the Sustainable exploitation of bioactive components from the Black Sea Area traditional foods (BaSeFood) project, food supply data from FBS, food availability data from HBS and age-standardised mortality rates from the WHO database were retrieved and analysed. RESULTS: Both food supply and availability data indicate plant-based dietary patterns in the area, with cereals and cereal products, fruits, vegetables and vegetable oils being mostly consumed. Nonetheless, the availability of staple plant foods decreased in years following political changes in the region. Due to religious and other cultural norms, pork meat is preferred in Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine; poultry in Turkey; and, beef in the Russian Federation and Georgia. With respect to socio-economic inequalities, HBS data of the last decade clearly indicate the high dependence of diet on the participants' residential area, educational attainment and income. Mortality indices retrieved from the WHO databases show that diseases of the circulatory system are the main cause of death in the region, with rates being substantially higher than the EU averages. CONCLUSIONS: The change in the regime, the economic crisis following the USSR dissolution in 1991 and the opening of the food market have largely affected the population dietary choices and mortality rates. Targeted public health nutrition policies encouraging the consumption of health promoting traditional foods particularly among individuals of low socio-economic status are in need in the region. ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n.º 227118.

The bioconversion of fruit by-products into new functional and clean label ingredients/additives represents a sustainable approach with great potential for application in the food sector ; This work was financially supported by the VIPACFood project (grant agreement no. 618127) selected by ERA-NET ARIMNet2 call 2016 (Coordination of Agricultural Research in the Mediterranean) of the European Union through the 7th Framework Programme and funding by the Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA) ref. APCIN2016-00061-00-00, by the "Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia", Ref. No. GRC 2019/030, and by Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal,) ARIMNET2/0003/2016. Cássia H. Barbosa is grateful for her research grant in the frame of the VIPACFood project (ARIMNET2/0003/2016). The work was also supported by UIDB/00211/2020 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds ; SI

Algae and seaweeds are used in cookery since the beginnings of human civilization, par ticularly in several Asian cultures. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites produced by aquatic and terrestrial plants for their natural defense against external stimuli, which possess pow erful antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that can be very important for the food industry. The main objective of this study was to develop a whey protein concentrate active coating, incorporated with a Fucus vesiculosus extract in order to delay the lipid oxidation of chicken breasts. Ten hydroeth anolic extracts from F. vesiculosus were obtained and their antioxidant capacity was evaluated through two antioxidant activity assays: the DPPH radical scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching assay. The total content in phenolics compounds was also determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The chosen extract was the one obtained from the freeze-dried F. vesiculosus using 75% (v/v) ethanol as extraction solvent. The extract was successfully incorporated into a whey protein film and successfully strengthened the thickness, tensile strength, and elastic modulus. The active film also was able to inhibit the chicken breasts lipid oxidation for 25 days of storage. ; This work was supported by the research project "i.FILM–Multifunctional Films for Intel ligent and Active Applications" (n° 17921) cofounded by European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program under the "Portugal 2020" Program, Call no. 33/SI/2015, Co-Promotion Projects and by the Integrated Pro gramme of SR&TD "Smart Valorization of Endogenous Marine Biological Resources Under a Changing Climate" (reference Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018), co-funded by Centro 2020 program, Portugal 2020, European Union, through the European Regional Development Fund. Mariana An drade is grateful for her research grant (SFRH/BD/138730/2018) funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT). João Reboleira is grateful for his research grant (2016/iFILM/BM) in the frame of iFILM project. This work was supported by MEtRICs unit which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UIDB/04077/2020) and by CECA unit which is financed from FCT/MCTES through national funds (UIDB/00211/2020) [v.souza@campus.fct.unl.pt (V.G.L.S.); ala@fct.unl.pt (A.L.F.); ana.silva@iniav.pt (A.S.S.)]. This work was supported by the Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry - LAQV which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UIDB/50006/2020 and UIDP/50006/2020) ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of more than half of the world's population. The main factors affecting the quality of rice include grain length, texture, stickiness, flavor, and aroma. Pesticides are intended for the protection of plant products from weeds, fungi, or insects. However, pesticides also result in negative effects such as environment disturbances, pest resistance and toxicity to both users and food consumers. The aim of this study was to conduct validation experiments of a method for the determination of multi-pesticides in rice, a model food of other cereals. A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method was used for the extraction of pesticide residues from rice followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) with a triple quadrupole instrument using electrospray ionization. The analytical method has chromatography-tandem according to SANTE/11813/2017. The limit of quantification was 5 μg/kg. Recoveries for the 155 analyzed pesticides ranged between 77.1% for pirimiphos-ethyl and 111.5% for flutriafol and they were determined at 3 spiking levels. The proposed method was demonstrated to be quick, simple, precise, and accurate and allowed for evaluating the compliance of cereals samples with legislated maximum residue levels of pesticides in the European Union.

An Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography combined with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC–ToF-MS) method has been developed for determination of nine mycotoxins, namely aflatoxins (AFB(1), AFB(2), AFG(1) and AFG(2)), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), toxin T2 (T2) and fumonisins (FB(1) and FB(2)) in maize. The method included a two-step extraction with acetonitrile 80% (v/v). After optimization, the analytical method was validated. The different concentrations tested take in account the Maximum Levels (ML) for maize (Commission Regulation EC no. 1881/2006) and good results for repeatability (%RSD(r) ≤ 15.4%), reproducibility (%RSD(R) ≤ 15.9%) and recovery (77.8–110.4%, except for AFG2 at 2 μg/kg which presented a recovery of 73.4%) were achieved. These met the performance criteria imposed by Commission Regulation (EC) no. 401/2006. The method was applied to twenty-two samples from Portuguese producers of maize. Fumonisins were the most frequently detected mycotoxins, but the levels do not exceed those imposed by European legislation.