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<p>Este artículo es parte del <span style="text-decoration: underline;">resultado</span> de estudios de doctorado, y desarrolla un breve análisis del Contrato Administrativo a partir de teoría y doctrina y define que este contrato es de categoría diferente al Derecho<em> </em>Privado, donde una de las partes es la administración pública. Cuba tiene pocos análisis teóricos y técnicos sobre el tema, no obstante, hoy día, existe una relación contractual entre el estado y personas naturales. Y se hizo necesario en el nuevo texto constitucional incluir un artículo que permite conocer y resolver las reclamaciones de cualquier persona natural o jurídica que sienta vulnerado su derecho en materia administrativa, pudiendo estar dentro estas el Contrato Administrativo, sin embargo, no existe para Cuba. En el trabajo fue elaborado a través de materiales y métodos: de revisión, análisis, la metodología compleja y los métodos analíticos, históricos, de investigación científica. Como resultado se confirmó ausencia de investigaciones que aborden este tema. Como conclusiones se corrobora que Cuba tiene ausencia de investigaciones de este tema. Como consecuencia Definimos la necesidad de incluir en la Ley los Contratos Administrativos, y un concepto.<em></em></p>

Violence: Options for Mitigation is the result of a reflective exercise and is designed to contribute to the knowledge about violence in Puerto Rico and offer recommendations to help improve the quality of life in our society. The book approaches topics of importance to influence the construction of a paradigm that promotes the development of a culture of solidarity and social capital. The authors work issues including a hazard model of law and order as a strategy exclusively to handle structural violence and its impact on our social life, the relationship between violence and feminism, the prohibitionist model of drugs and its link with social violence, violence against the elderly and its impact on health and social services, and the use of evidence-based interventions to contribute to the reduction of violence in the lives of persons under age." --Description from Amazon website

Social stigma continues to be a barrier for health promotion in our society. One of the most stigmatized health conditions in our time continues to be addiction to illicit drug use. Although it has been widely recognized as a health concern, criminalizing approaches continue to be common in Puerto Rico. Health professionals need to engage in challenging the stigma of illicit drug use in order to foster policies and government efforts with health-oriented approaches. Still, personal stigmatizing attitudes among them continue to be a barrier for the implementation of this agenda. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to document stigma towards illicit drug use among a sample of health professionals in training, and explore differences in such attitudes among participants from different areas of training. In order to achieve this objective we carried out a sequential mixed method approach with a sample of 501 health professionals in training or practice from the disciplines of medicine, nursing, psychology and social work. Results evidence the continued existence of stigmatizing attitudes among this population. We discuss some of the implications for public health and potential strategies for action.

IntroductionStigma associated with HIV has been documented as a barrier for accessing quality health‐related services. When the stigma manifests in the healthcare setting, people living with HIV receive substandard services or even be denied care altogether. Although the consequences of HIV stigma have been documented extensively, efforts to reduce these negative attitudes have been scarce. Interventions to reduce HIV stigma should be implemented as part of the formal training of future healthcare professionals. The interventions that have been tested with healthcare professionals and published have several limitations that must be surpassed (i.e., lack of comparison groups in research designs and longitudinal follow‐up data). Furthermore, Latino healthcare professionals have been absent from these intervention efforts even though the epidemic has affected this population disproportionately.MethodsIn this article, we describe an intervention developed to reduce HIV stigma among medical students in Puerto Rico. A total of 507 medical students were randomly introduced into our intervention and control conditions.ResultsThe results show statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups; intervention group participants had lower HIV stigma levels than control participants after the intervention. In addition, differences in HIV stigma levels between the groups were sustained for a 12‐month period.ConclusionsThe results of our study demonstrate the efficacy of the modes of intervention developed by us and serve as a new training tool for future healthcare professionals with regard to stigma reduction.

IntroductionStigma associated with HIV has been documented as a barrier for accessing quality health‐related services. When the stigma manifests in the healthcare setting, people living with HIV receive substandard services or even be denied care altogether. Although the consequences of HIV stigma have been documented extensively, efforts to reduce these negative attitudes have been scarce. Interventions to reduce HIV stigma should be implemented as part of the formal training of future healthcare professionals. The interventions that have been tested with healthcare professionals and published have several limitations that must be surpassed (i.e., lack of comparison groups in research designs and longitudinal follow‐up data). Furthermore, Latino healthcare professionals have been absent from these intervention efforts even though the epidemic has affected this population disproportionately.MethodsIn this article, we describe an intervention developed to reduce HIV stigma among medical students in Puerto Rico. A total of 507 medical students were randomly introduced into our intervention and control conditions.ResultsThe results show statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups; intervention group participants had lower HIV stigma levels than control participants after the intervention. In addition, differences in HIV stigma levels between the groups were sustained for a 12‐month period.ConclusionsThe results of our study demonstrate the efficacy of the modes of intervention developed by us and serve as a new training tool for future healthcare professionals with regard to stigma reduction.