Suchergebnisse

Resumen: El presente trabajo se presenta dividido en dos partes: una de carácter introductorio, en la que se presenta la metodología de trabajo de la crítica como sabotaje, planteada hace apenas unos pocos años por Manuel Asensi Pérez como herramienta de análisis discursivo. La segunda es de naturaleza más bien práctica, al utilizar una serie de ejemplos de la literatura y, más específicamente, de la literatura de la argentina Ana María Shua, para poner en práctica aquellos recursos que desde la crítica como sabotaje se nos ofrecen para arrojar nueva luz a algunas de sus textualidades, en especial un relato breve ("La despedida") y una colección de minificciones (Botánica del caos). En este sentido, el objetivo de este trabajo es plantear la escritura de la autora como un ejemplo de escritura de sabotaje.Palabras clave: crítica como sabotaje, cuento, minirrelato, Ana María Shua, lenguaje Abstract: This paper is divided in two parts: the introductory one, in which one introduces the methodology of criticism as sabotage, seted out by Manuel Asensi Pérez as a tool of discoursive analysis. The second one, more pragmatic, in wich one will use some examples from Literature and, specifically, from Ana María Shua's Literature, to put into practice these resources that, from criticism as sabotage, we can use to illuminate some of her textualities, specially one short story ("The farewell") and one collection of short short stories (Botany of chaos). In this sense, the goal of this paper is to suggest her writing as an example of sabotage.Keywords: criticism as sabotage, short story, short short story, Ana María Shua, language

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may modulate individual susceptibility to carcinogens. We designed a genome-wide association study to characterize individuals presenting extreme phenotypes of high and low risk to develop tobacco-induced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and we validated our results. We hypothesized that this strategy would enrich the frequencies of the alleles that contribute to the observed traits. We genotyped 2.37 million SNPs in 95 extreme phenotype individuals, that is: heavy smokers that either developed NSCLC at an early age (extreme cases); or did not present NSCLC at an advanced age (extreme controls), selected from a discovery set (n = 3631). We validated significant SNPs in 133 additional subjects with extreme phenotypes selected from databases including >39,000 individuals. Two SNPs were validated: rs12660420 (pcombined = 5.66 × 10-5 ; ORcombined = 2.80), mapping to a noncoding transcript exon of PDE10A; and rs6835978 (pcombined = 1.02 × 10-4 ; ORcombined = 2.57), an intronic variant in ATP10D. We assessed the relevance of both proteins in early-stage NSCLC. PDE10A and ATP10DmRNA expressions correlated with survival in 821 stage I-II NSCLC patients (p = 0.01 and p < 0.0001). PDE10A protein expression correlated with survival in 149 patients with stage I-II NSCLC (p = 0.002). In conclusion, we validated two variants associated with extreme phenotypes of high and low risk of developing tobacco-induced NSCLC. Our findings may allow to identify individuals presenting high and low risk to develop tobacco-induced NSCLC and to characterize molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and resistance to develop NSCLC. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology; Fundación SEOM and Fundación Salud 2000; and Government of Navarra. ; Sí