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The present study is an effort to probe ideological effects of textbooks on the minds of the young generation. It aims at exploring how textbooks are used in the propagation of various types of implicit and explicit ideologies to the readers and how their mindsets are shaped accordingly. The discourse of textbooks is always ideologically charged and reflects a certain type of worldview of a nation. The issues related to power, hegemony, identity, political ideology, gender and class differences are very effectively presented through discourse of the textbooks. The twofold function of textbooks is manifested in our educational institutions. First, they help authenticate and sustain the existing cultural, economic and political power; second, they disseminate ideological values and knowledge. Textbooks are considered to be the most powerful tools of disseminating different ideologies. The present study concentrates on the presence of religious ideology depicted in English Textbooks (Book I & Book III) published by Punjab Textbook Board taught at Intermediate level. Their effects on the minds of learners have been tried to explore by analysing data collected from these two textbooks.

Health Care Delivery System, also abbreviated as HCDS, is a system devised by the state for the proper delivery of health care for their populations.This is a service providing system in which society's health is determined and steps are taken to maintain it. The aim of this article is to compare the healthcare delivery system (HCDS) of Pakistan and Russia. This research article presents the basic concept behind the health care delivery systems of two countries to take notice of the importance of human beings and take steps to maintain and promote the healthy life of the people of the community.Findings show the efficacy of this HCDS varies with the resources, demands and needs of the individuals along with the availability of finances. All the participants of a community receive the healthcare services continuously including health promotion, prevention of diseases, diagnosis and disease management, followed by rehab with palliative care. All of these are delivered at different levels of the system, at different sites of care as per the requirement of the users.

The Council of Islamic Ideology (CII) is a constitutional body that advises the legislature whether or not a certain law is repugnant to Islam, namely to the Qur'an, and Sunnah. In view of the clear and unequivocal commandments of the Holy Qur'an on the elimination of Interest (riba) is the bounden duty of an Islamic State. Similarly the Constitution of Pakistan has also declared duty of the government to eliminate riba as early as possible. The Council of Islamic Ideology from its inception has given recommendations to eliminate riba from economy. The President of Islamic Republic of Pakistan directed the Council on September 29th, 1977 to consider how best to "eradicate the curse" of interest. The Council submitted reports with some practical and viable solutions. This paper has focused on the efforts and recommendations of the CII for the elimination of riba from economy. The paper has also highlighted the impact of the recommendations in modern era, the State Bank of Pakistan has adopted the recommended modes of financing for all banks during 2008.

Open Government Data (OGD) is considered instrumental to promote transparency and accountability for economic and civic development that increases citizens' participation in government digital initiatives. This study employed a qualitative research design and emphasized the factors that affect the citizens' satisfaction with the use of OGD. It systematically reviewed the literature published in the field of OGD. Findings identified that ease of use, usefulness, access, extrinsic motivation, individual differences, computer skills, and training affect the citizen' use of OGD. It found models, theoretical frameworks, and theories, which have been applied, developed, or tested in the literature about citizen satisfaction with OGD. It highlighted implications for policymakers to increase the quality of OGD portals. It may be helpful at the government level in the identification of factors that affects citizens' satisfaction with the use of OGD. It may also contribute to enhancing citizens' skills and awareness of OGD portals' use.

Print media semiotic discourses are one of the best sites for ideological investment and their role is very significant in the production and dissemination of certain ideology. The aim of the present study is to critically decode the semiotic discourse(s) of Pakistani English newspaper DAWN (daily) with special reference to the representation of Pak- Us relationship through the analysis of the semiotics discourses. The data for the present research has been collected from the mentioned newspaper. The time span for data collection ranges from October 2018 to December 2018. Out of ten (10) caricatures which represent Pakistan attempting to survive at its own rather than depending on America one was purposively selected for linguistic and semiotic analyses. The study is descriptive and utilizes qualitative research design. For this purpose, the researchers have devised an amended research model by drawing upon Fairclough (1995), Kress (2010) and Kruger's (2000) research models to analyse linguistic, semiotic and focus group discussions data. The semiotic analysis has also been validated by incorporating the remarks of focus group participants. Based on the analysis of data the study concludes that noting is absolute in politics as far as Pak- Us relations through semiotic discourses are concerned. Additionally, the research reveals that print media semiotic discourses work insidiously to represent socio- political changes by employing linguistic and meta-linguistic devices and techniques.

This paper explores Facebook's role in shaping the political perception of youth during the 2018 general elections in Pakistan. It also gauges the ideological standpoint of youth in Pakistan that influences their voting decisions. An online campaign has become an indispensable source for politicians to influence the masses without the constraints of distance and time. It is a quantitative study based on a questionnaire survey of young Pakistani voters. Findings show that Facebook has presumed the role of an instigator in shaping the voting behavior of educated youth. Respondents perceived Facebook as biased while expressing views and assisted political entities in manipulating the data to increase their vote bank. Though the majority of them haven't experienced fake news so either they are not conscious or they trust blindly the information. Furthermore, respondents' cognitive abilities are not obstructed by politicians using Facebook, instead, friends and family network seems more persuasive in determining voters' choice. Results manifest that ideological standpoint impacts voters' decisions substantially. There is no statistical difference in the voting behavior of respondents based on gender and/or age. The individuality of this study is that it focuses on the medium of communication between politicians and youth instead of emphasizing the social cleavages and their impact on voters' decisions, which Pakistani scholars largely study. This study will prompt the field of psephology in Pakistan, which is largely ignored, and help scholars to move out of the domain of identity politics.

Information and communication technologies have changed and created a ubiquitous work environment for employees to work at any place and at any time. But it also caused technology overload for them. This study aims to evaluate the previously published literature to examine the effects of technology overload in the workplace. This systematic literature review employed a qualitative research design and reviewed articles on technology overload from the workplace perspective. N-Vivo, a qualitative software, was used to create and analyze codes and themes. This study looked at factors that create technology overload such as interruption overload, work-life conflict/work-family conflict, stress, social network service addiction/email addiction, social overload, and lost productivity. This study also established the challenges that knowledge workers/employees have to face at the workplace. Results indicate that self-efficacy, training, and time management are the key strategies to overcome technology overload. This study would contribute to the literature by examining the technology overload in the workplace. It will increase the employees' awareness of strategies to overcome technology overload. It reviewed only empirical studies published about technology overload from the employees' perspective. Future research may be conducted focusing on the employers' perspective regarding technology overload. It has implications for the administration of the workplace to conduct training for the employees before the implementation of new technology. Organizations should establish laws for timings after work hours and disconnection from the internet at home to reduce technology overload.

AbstractEntrepreneurial orientation (EO) is a valuable organizational asset which is considered to be a driver of superior organizational performance (OP). However, some studies challenge this notion and show a negative link between EO and OP. This deviation may be rooted in the contingent‐theoretic approach, which postulates the need to align an organization's strategic posture with various other factors to achieve strategic fit. Therefore, leaning on contingent‐theoretic approach this research aims to test a direct and synergistic effect of EO and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on OP in the context of developing (Pakistan) and developed (United Kingdom) economies. A survey is conducted and the data are analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM). The results show a significant direct effect of EO and CSR on OP. In addition, we found that CSR significantly mediates the impact of EO on OP across both countries. This study suggests that specific strategic actions, such as EO and CSR, should be studied in combination with other strategic actions to provide a holistic understanding of OP.

Manifestos of political parties are considered the roadmap of any political party to work for the well-being of the people and to persuade them to vote for that party. The present research critically analyses the religio-political elements present in the manifestos published during 2013-2018 of three Pakistani political parties (PTI, PML-N & JIP). The researchers have employed Dijk's 2004, 2009 and Wodak 2001 analytical model to analyze the discourse of manifestos of PTI, PML-N & JIP. The levels of analysis include othering, lexicalization, allusion and authority. The research finds that these three political parties have associated religion with different social and political activities to do politics. The quantification of data in terms of religious representation highlights that PTI has made use of religious aspects 40 times, PML-N 214 times and JIP 236 times in their manifestos. Additionally, the research highlights that political manifestos are among the best sites for the investment of religio-political ideology.