Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 Perspectives on Scientific Knowledge in Ancient India -- Chapter 2 Some Methodological Questions on the Study of History of Science and P.C. Ray's History of Hindu Chemistry -- Chapter 3 Re-reading Iron in Northeast India: Beyond Nationalist and Communal Approaches -- Chapter 4 Iron Technology and Urbanization in Odisha: (1st Millennium BC to 4th Century AD) -- Chapter 5 The Aryabhata Legacy -- Chapter 6 Proto-historic Astronomy in India: A Review -- Chapter 7 Sushruta: The Sage Surgeon of Ancient India and His Surgical Instruments -- Chapter 8 Traditional Knowledge of Medicine in Ancient India: (Based on Classical Texts and Treatises) -- Chapter 9 Indic Sciences in Tibet: The Development of Ayurveda in Tibet and Its Transformation as Tibetan Medicine -- Chapter 10 Tradition of Tibetan Buddhism and Neuro-psychobiology -- Select Bibliography -- Index.

Achieving respect for persons is problematic in settings with concepts of autonomy that differ from Western values. For international research, women's autonomy to consent to participation is an increasingly contentious issue. We present data from ancillary studies conducted in preparation for a clinical trial testing the safety and efficacy of topical microbicides, used to prevent HIV infection. These ancillary studies were conducted in seven countries, using qualitative research methods to collect data from female and male community members, and their health care professionals and community leaders. Our findings indicate that by working at the level of the community, couple and individual, researchers may be able to take steps to increase women's ability to make their own independent decisions about participating in research. This approach may, in turn, improve both the conduct and outcomes of research.

Background: To control the transmission of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, the Government of India (GoI) had taken stringent precautionary measures during the lockdown period. This study aimed to explore determinants affecting adherence to protective measures against COVID-19 infection among rural and semi-urban settings of Maharashtra, India. Methods: A cross-sectional telephonic survey among 1,016 adults from randomly selected households was conducted between June 5 and July 16, 2020. The data were explored for knowledge, awareness, practices related to protective measures, and self-risk perception. Socio-demographic and attitudinal correlates of failure to use protective measures against COVID-19 were measured. Results: In the survey, 72% of the participants were men. The mean age was 46 years (SD: 13.8). The main source of information was television (91%); however, information from healthcare providers (65%) and mass media announcements (49%) was trustworthy. Washing hands immediately with soap after returning from outdoors was reported by 95% of the respondents, always using a mask while outdoors by 94%, never attended social gatherings by 91%, always using hand sanitizer while outside by 77%, and 68% of the respondents followed all protective measures. The knowledge score [mean score 20.3 (SD: 2.4) out of 24] was independently associated with the risk of not using protective measures, with each unit increase in knowledge score, the risk of not using protective measures reduced by 16%. No source of income was independently associated with not using protective measures [AOR 1.5 95% CI (1.01–2.3)]. Conclusions: The COVID-19 public health interventions and behavior change communication strategies should be specifically directed towards the low socio-economic populations through trusted sources. The association between knowledge and practices demonstrates the importance of accurate public health communication to optimally follow preventive measures, such as structural interventions to address ...