Suchergebnisse

O trabalho aborda como a alteração no modelo de investimentos em infraestrutura de transportes rodoviários no Brasil, iniciado a partir da década de 1990, impactou mercados e organizações do setor. O texto discute como a presença de novos agentes e a influência da lógica financeira contribuíram para a construção de uma "nova forma" de pensar a área de infraestrutura, impactando o mercado, e promovendo a redefinição de estruturas organizacionais como forma de operacionalizar a lógica financeira nos diferentes níveis organizacionais. O estudo utilizou o método de análise documental, e as análises realizadas sob as lentes da sociologia econômica indicam que a mudança nos investimentos associada a difusão de novos conteúdos gerenciais contribuíram para a ascensão da gestão contratual como forma de enfrentamento as mudanças citadas. Os resultados apontam a movimentação do setor em direção a financeirização, e ilustram as interações entre os diferentes espaços sociais: Estado, mercados e organizações.

"The economic process of financialization is defined by many as the development of the dependence and subordination of the productive sector to the financial sector. Leading to an emphasis on maximising shareholder value above all else, the financialization of the economy and production has an enormous impact on the everyday life of ordinary people including the erosion of employment right, the rise of precarious work, and rising inequalities. Using multi-case study research and an exploratory approach, this book analyzes the financialization process in the ten companies with the highest market capitalization worldwide including tech firms, oil companies and banks. This book analyzes indicators of financialization in large corporations including a comparison between profitability sources; shareholding structure, acquisitions and sales of shares; mergers and acquisitions; the origins of directors; payment of compensation to executives; dividend payments to shareholders and stock repurchases; employee salaries; and employment levels. The data demonstrates that what would once have been considered non-core business activities have become more profitable than core business activities in many of these companies. In some cases, these companies are responsible for large investment funds and financial-type institutions which already surpass the largest banks in terms of assets under management. Meanwhile, the average salaries at some of these companies have been falling in real terms due to the rise of outsourcing and the use of cheap or precarious labour. Adopting an economic sociology approach, this book marks a significant contribution to the literature on financialization in economics, sociology and business"--

Abstract This study analyzed the changes in the structure of the political network of the footwear Local Productive Cluster (LPC) of Jaú, São Paulo in the period from 1996 to 2016. Network theory was used as theoretical basis because it has gained space in organizational studies in the last decades, besides providing explanations for various phenomena, especially to the study of productive arrangements. The sample involved 90 actors divided into three periods: 1996-2001, 2002-2010 and 2011-2016. For construction of the networks, the software Ucinet and Gephi were used. In addition to a contextual analysis, the ARS metrics (centrality, density, geodesic distance and subgroups) made it possible to identify the interactions among the actors. The results identified structural changes in the network. The number of actors that increased from 29 in the first period to 70 actors in the second period (+141%) and reduced to 39 in the following period (-44%). As for density, it was identified a dense network in the period 1996/2001 and later a diffuse network and pulverized access of information and resources in the periods 2002/2010 and 2011/2016. The central actors were Sindicalçados, Sebrae and directors of the employers' union. The participation of Sebrae and other entities influenced the creation of bonds and provided economic gains to the companies of Jaú, especially in the period 2002/2009, since the entities and the partnerships signed, not only sought the articulation of the entrepreneurs, they often became the protagonists of the changes. However, the decrease in Sebrae's shares as of 2010, has potentiated the reduction of economic indicators such as the number of companies and jobs, when compared to other shoe producing regions in Brazil.

"Where presidents or members of affluent families were previously seen, it is increasingly the case that car manufacturers are owned by banks and investment funds which have taken control of the entire economic life of these firms. This has significant impact on the terms of employment and layoffs, wages and precarious work, growing inequalities in income strata, compensation levels for executives, and the implementation of short-termist strategies across business operations. This book explores this increasing financialization - the predominance of the financial sector over the productive sector - in the automotive industry. In particular it is shown that the financial operations of these companies through leasing, insurance, loans, and other financial instruments is now much more profitable than the manufacturing aspects of the business, which was originally the raison d'être for these firms. The chapters demonstrate how there are great demands to increase the return to shareholders as a main concern, despite other metrics and/or other stakeholders. The work studies the impact of financialization at the world's five largest automakers which together represent almost 50% of car production, providing an exploratory analysis of profitability, shareholder composition, compensation to executives, workers' salaries, dividend payments to shareholders, and employment. Encouraging debate on contemporary economy, this book marks a significant addition to the literature on financialization, contemporary forms of capitalism, labour and economic sociology more broadly. Marcelo José do Carmo has a PhD in Production Engineering at the Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. Mário Sacomano Neto is an Associated Professor of Organizational Theory at Federal University of Sao Carlos, UFSCar, Brazil. Julio Cesar Donadone is currently Full Professor at the Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil, and coordinator of the Center of Studies on Economic Sociology and Finance NESEFI -UFSCa."

Existem três custos operacionais expressivos para os prestadores de serviços logísticos (PSL): manutenção dos veículos, dos pneus e o abastecimento de combustível. Nos estudos de manutenção pouco se tem pesquisado sobre o conceito da gestão de pneus, técnicas de manutenção e desempenho conjuntamente. Nesse contexto, este estudo tem como objetivo identificar as práticas e indicadores de desempenho da área da manutenção na gestão de pneus e também, analisar a influencia dos custos aplicados aos pneus sobre o custo total da manutenção. Do ponto de vista metodológico, foi realizado um estudo de caso exploratório, descritivo e analítico. Os principais instrumentos de coleta de dados foram à observação in loco, entrevista não estruturada, análise de documentos e de relatórios com resultados de indicadores. Os dados foram analisados pela análise de correlação e regressão múltipla. Foi revelado que dentre os indicadores de desempenho da manutenção na gestão de pneus, os custos aplicados aos pneus possuem maior correlação com o custo total da manutenção. O teste Anova indicou que os custos aplicados aos pneus influenciam em 54% das variações no custo total da manutenção. Foram esclarecidos os conceitos sobre técnicas de manutenção específicas da gestão de pneus, além de identificar os indicadores de desempenho na área de gestão de pneus.

A pesquisa foi desenvolvida sob uma abordagem sociológica relacional com base na teoria de Campo de Ação Estratégica (CAE) e investiga as concepções de controle de uma organização da área de saúde: a Santa Casa de Mogi Mirim-SP. O método adotado na pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo e histórico, apresenta um estudo de caso envolvendo pesquisa documental aliada a uma pesquisa de campo através de entrevistas. Os dados obtidos foram analisados considerando quatro categorias: Agentes do campo, Origem dos recursos financeiros, Papel do Estado e Atuação do Setor. A partir desta análise identificaram-se quatro concepções de controle: Caritária, Nosocômica, Mercantil e Semipública, evidenciando a dinâmica da Santa Casa como um CAE, observando o reposicionamento de cada um dos agentes dentro dos campos envolvidos– em especial o papel do Estado – demonstrando sua atuação, influencia e transformações e contribuindo para um importante debate sobre a dinâmica e formas de controle das Santas Casas.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the adoption of lean practices by manufacturing companies in regions of low economic and technological development and to compare findings with previous studies from more developed regions highlighting important contextual differences. The paper uses the contingency theory to explore how contextual variables and scarce resources influence the adoption of lean practices.Design/methodology/approachA survey of 233 manufacturing firms was conducted in the State of Pará in the Amazon Region of Brazil.FindingsThe results demonstrate that six internal lean practices (single minute exchange of dies, human resource management, continuous flow, total productive maintenance, pull and statistical process control) and two external lean practices (supplier feedback and customer involvement) are implemented. However, the two external lean practices of just-in-time delivery by suppliers and supplier development were not implemented. Furthermore, from the 36 operating items comprised in eight lean practices that are being used, 13 were not implemented. As such, compared to developed regions, there is evidence for a more fragmented implementation in less developed regions. The results reveal empirical evidence explained by the contingency perspective, such as national, geographical, strategic context and culture.Originality/valueThere is broad evidence on lean implementation in developed and developing countries in the literature. However, little is known about lean implementation in poorer regions of developing counties. This is one of the first studies mapping lean implementation in a region with low economic and technological development. This has important implications for research and practice, especially to cross-country/cultural research on operation management.

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a produção acadêmica sobre o tema Gestão de Operações, em artigos publicados em periódicos internacionais indexados no ISI Web of Knowledge. A pesquisa avaliou publicações realizadas no período de 2002 a 2012, utilizam-se técnicas bibliométricas para averiguar questões como: quais são os autores que possuem mais publicações no tema; quais foram os anos, países e periódicos em que esses artigos foram publicados e ainda, a apresentação dos autores mais co-citados nas referências. No total a pesquisa envolveu 110 artigos e 4545 referências com o termo Operations Management; 274 artigos e 6644 referências com o termo Production Management; e 49 artigos e 1250 referências utilizados na pesquisa para o termo Manufacturing Management. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que (a) não existe uma concentração de autores com vários artigos publicados sobre o tema; (b) verifica-se que os anos com maior número de publicações são os de 2007 e 2010 somando 24,48% do total analisado; (c) os Estados Unidos é o país que concentra o maior número de publicações com 26,33% do total de artigos analisados; (d) foram identificados Williamson (1975), Dyer e Singh (1998), Granovetter (1985) e Uzzi (1997) como os autores mais co-citados nas referências bibliográficas.