Suchergebnisse

Recent studies of child rearing trends in the US have indicated a shift toward: (1) greater permissiveness, (2) freer expression of affection, (3) increased reliance on 'psychol'al' techniques of discipline as against such direct methods as spanking, & (4) an increase in the relative importance of the mother vis-a-vis the father as the principal agent of both discipline & support in the fam. In contrast, the German fam is pictured as more authoritarian & patriarchal in structure. The present study presents detailed comparisons of current child-rearing practices in matched samples of German (Gn) & US fam's. 72 Gn-US pairs were formed (40 M's, 32 F's), from a sample of 6th grade children matched re intact fam, SES, sex of child, number of siblings, religion, working status of mother, & age of child. Data were obtained by a questionaire, group admin'ed in Sch classrooms. Items were intended to represent inter-item is for the Gn sample revealed 9 factors common to all 4 matrices (SO-Fa, SO-Mo, da-Fa, da-Mo): nurturance, instrumental companionship, principled discipline, prescription of responsibilities, power, physical punishment, achievement pressure, deprivation of privileges & expressive rejection. The principal findings were as follows: (1) Gn S's report receiving signif'ly more nurturance, companionship, principled discipline, prescription of responsibilities, power,& physical punishment from their parents. US S's reported more attention from their parents only in the areas of expressive rejection, deprivation of privileges & achievement pressure. (2) The Go father plays relatively a far more prominent role in child rearing than the US father, esp re direct discipline & affection. (3) Boys & girls are treated more nearly alike in US than in Germany. (4) In both cultures there is a tendency for each parent to be more active with the child of the same sex than with the opposite sex child; this type of differentiation is far more pronounced in US, esp re the father-son relationship. The question is raised whether the relatively greater affection & control experienced by the Gn pre-adolescent S has the effect of reducing independence, self-directed achievement & association with peers; or whether the US S, released `too soon' to peer group controls, becomes less independent & more of a 'peer conformist'? Modified AA.