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This pioneering volume uses modern statistical and simulation techniques to explain the process of wealth transmission and the persistent problem of the unequal distribution of wealth. These papers reflect a shift from the traditional cross-sectional measurement to an intertemporal focus by attempting to model mathematically the actual process by which wealth is acquired and transmitted. There are many questions to be answered: What are the factors influencing saving? What is the role of mating? What decides ownership between spouses? How are rare assets distributed by divorce? What are the pa

This article presents results from a study of the informal economy carried out by interviewing a national probability sample of approximately 2100 families. Each family was asked about purchases it had made from vendors who were selling goods and services on the side. A number of questions were asked about each vendor to help verify that vendors were indeed functioning as informal suppliers. Although not all characteristics had to be present for any single supplier, informal suppliers were characterized as individuals who had casual record-keeping systems, lacked a fixed place of business, and relied upon word of mouth and other casual means of advertising. Typical of such vendors are automobile mechanics operating in a home garage, produce sellers operating from a roadside stand, and craftsmen who operate from a pickup truck or in a home workshop. It was found that about $42 billion in informal economic activity took place in 1981 and that four out of every five American families purchased something from an informal vendor. Home repairs, accounting for over $12 billion, constituted the largest form of informal economic activity. The second most important was food sales.

A report on a study of the informal economy based on 1981 interviews with a national probability sample of approximately 2,100 US families, asking about purchases they made from vendors who were selling goods & services on the side. Questions were asked to verify that vendors were indeed functioning as informal suppliers. Although not all characteristics had to be present for any single supplier, informal suppliers were characterized as individuals who had casual record-keeping systems, lacked a fixed place of business, & relied on word of mouth & other casual means of advertising, eg, automobile mechanics operating in a home garage, produce sellers with roadside stands, & craftsmen operating from a pickup truck or in a home workshop. It was found that about $42 billion in informal economic activity took place in 1981, & that 80% of US families purchased something from an informal vendor, especially home repairs & food. 11 Tables. HA

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Acknowledgments -- PART ONE INTRODUCTION -- 1 The Long and Winding Road to Peace -- Notes -- PART TWO BELLIGERENTS DURING WAR -- 2 Power and the Willingness to Settle: "Why stop now? -- Gaining the Upper Hand -- Effects of Victory -- Effects of Intervention -- Conclusions -- Notes -- 3 The Avoidance of Weakness and the Search for Strength: "WE will look weak -- Strategies for Coping with the Dilemma -- The Gulf War of 1991 -- Notes -- 4 Political and Cognitive Dissonance: "WE'd never get away with it -- Defining the Trap -- Entering the Trap Deliberately -- Escaping the Trap -- Conclusions -- Notes -- 5 Making the Decision to Stop Fighting: "WE didn't consider it -- THEY wouldn't listen -- WE couldn't agree -- Type 1 Structures: "We didn't (dare) consider it, -- Type 2 Structures: "They (the leadership) just won't listen, -- Type 3 Structures: "We (the leader and inner circle) couldn't agree, -- Conclusions -- Notes -- 6 Unbridgeable Divides and Uncontrollable Armies -- the Inability to Cease Fire: "WE can't give them what they want -- WE can't stop fighting -- A Bridge Too Far -- Armies out of Control -- Conclusions -- Notes -- 7 The Cease-fire Proposal -- Construction, Acceptance, and Failure: "WE can't make/accept the offer -- The agreement didn't work -- The Failure to Communicate -- The Flawed Proposal -- Proposals and Politics -- The Missing Link: Getting the Words Right -- Conclusions -- Notes -- PART THREE THIRD PARTIES AND WAR -- 8 Mediator Impartiality and the "Two-Hat" Dilemma: "YOU are not objective -- Impartiality and "Mediation": What's in a Name? -- How to Be Impartial: Avoiding the "Two-Hat" Dilemma -- Who Should Mediate? -- Conclusions -- Notes -- 9 The Imposed Cease-fire: "YOU can't make us -- Coercion -- the Tools of the Trade

It has often been said that one major factor determining the success of third party mediation efforts is their perceived impartiality, but the importance of impartiality to successful mediation has recently come into question (Bercovitch et al., 1991; Wehr & Lederach, 1991). This paper attempts to argue that it is nevertheless crucial under certain conditions. It will become clear that there is more than one style of mediation (a fact which is often neglected in comparative studies) and that a failure to distinguish these styles in future will have a severe impact on the validity of any study of mediation effectiveness. On this basis, research in future should be directed first towards distinguishing particular styles of mediation, and second towards studies of their effectiveness. Finally, it will be shown that mediator impartiality may indeed be less important to powered, coercive mediation, but in a non-coercive, private, and voluntary mediation, impartiality is vital to success.

Covering 2,000 years, this two-volume set is the first encyclopedia devoted to Christian writers and books. In addition to an overview of the Christian literature, this encyclopedia includes more than 40 essays on the principal genres of Christian literature and more than 400 bio-bibliographical essays describing the principal writers and their works

Practice Issues in HIV/AIDS Services: Empowerment-Based Models and Program Applications provides a sound framework of intervention practices for case managers and care coordinators to help HIV/AIDS patients live longer and healthier lives. This book focuses on client-based care that addresses the social and psychological needs of the patient as well as his or her physical and medical requirements. Filled with concrete information and recommendations from practitioners and researchers, this instructive text will help increase the effectiveness of your role in the client's treatment