Suchergebnisse

The article states that, according to the existing classification of emergencies, outbreaks of dangerous (very dangerous) infectious diseases of humans and animals, epidemics (pandemics) and epizootics (panzootia) are groups of emergencies within the subclass of medical and biological emergencies, which meanwhile belong to the type (class) of natural emergencies. It is noted that it is the medical and biological emergencies that are the most widespread among all subclasses of natural emergencies occurring on the territory of Ukraine during 2012-2019, and the mentioned subclass of emergencies poses the greatest danger to the life and health of the population of Ukraine. This work states that according to the estimation of domestic and foreign experts, the current state of the sanitary-epidemic situation on the territory of Ukraine remains unstable, and the state of the epizootic situation is stable and controlled with a rapid increase in the incidence of animals for certain dangerous infectious diseases. It is emphasized that the level of readiness of Ukraine to respond to the occurrence of large-scale medical and biological emergencies, including availability and completeness of the developed plans for liquidation of aftermath of mentioned emergencies is estimated to be low. It is emphasized that experts predict further deterioration of the sanitary-epidemic and epizootic situation in Ukraine. The urgency of the chosen direction of research is grounded in the need for further development of theoretical provisions regarding the participation of the National Guard of Ukraine in the liquidation of aftermath of large-scale outbreaks of dangerous (very dangerous) infectious diseases of humans and animals, epidemics (pandemics) and epizootic diseases. Recent study of research works and publications on the topic of the research has been analyzed. The results of the analysis of the use of military and law enforcement agencies of foreign countries in the liquidation of aftermath of the above mentioned groups of biological and medical emergencies have been highlighted, in particular in the elimination of the effects of foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom in 2001, outbreaks of African swine fever in Vietnam and Bulgaria in 2019, an atypical pneumonia epidemic in China in 2003, an Ebola epidemic in several West African countries in 2014, a COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic in China in 2020, and others. It is determined that the National Guard of Ukraine, in addition to the tasks set by the existing legal acts, under the above mentioned circumstances, may be involved in the implementation of specific (additional) tasks. It is emphasized that the fulfillment of additional tasks may provoke the inclusion of a certain units for dealing with biological and medical emergencies, additional structural and functional elements to the regular formations of the National Guard of Ukraine, which meanwhile may lead to increase in total manpower of mentioned formations. ; Проведено аналіз досвіду участі військових формувань та правоохоронних органів держав світу в ліквідації наслідків виникнення спалахів небезпечних (особливо небезпечних) інфекційних хвороб людей і хвороб тварин, епідемій (пандемій) та епізоотій (панзоотій). Визначені специфічні (додаткові) завдання, що може виконувати Національна гвардія України у зазначених умовах. Отримані результати дослідження можуть використовуватися посадовими особами органів військового управління Національної гвардії України під час планування та організації участі сил і засобів у ліквідації наслідків виникнення зазначених вище груп медико-біологічних надзвичайних ситуацій.

На основі аналізу загроз, джерелом виникнення яких є такі техногенно-небезпечні об'єкти, як атомні електростанції і сховища зберігання небезпечних речовин, визначені рівні безпеки і показники ризиків виник-нення аварійних і, як можливий наслідок, критичних ситуацій на цих об'єктах. Визначено заходи запобігання надзвичайним ситуаціям на техногенно-небезпечних об'єктах. ; В современных условиях одной из приоритетных задач, которые необходимо решить мировым сообществом, в том числе и Украиной – это обеспечение надежного социально-экономического развития. Оно, в свою очередь, харак-теризуется и зависит от здоровой экономики, состояния внешней среды и надежности объектов производства или иной людской деятельности. Поэтому выявление (определение, прогнозирование) уровней рисков, которые определяют важнейшие показатели развития страны, их оценка и усовершенствование способов обеспечения безопасности явля-ются актуальными и перспективными направлениями научных исследований. Необходимость решения таких задач также касается сферы обеспечения защиты от последствий чрезвычайных ситуаций, обусловленных разрушениями или авариями на технически опасных объектах. События, которые произошли за последние тридцать лет, показали, что на экономику и стабильность развития любого государства существенно влияет состояние технологического оборудования технически опасных объектов и возможность их безаварийного функционирования. На основе анализа рисков (угроз), источником возникновения которых являются технически опасные объекты, к которым относятся такие, как атомные электростанции и хранилища опасных веществ, определены уровни безопасности и показатели рисков возникновения аварийных и, как возможное следствие, критических ситуаций на этих объектах. Также опреде-лены меры по предотвращению чрезвычайных ситуаций на технически-опасных объектах. ; In modern conditions, climate changes of the planet, global depletion of energy natural resources and, as a result, rapid technological development of energy industries, one of the priority tasks that need to be addressed by the world community, in-cluding Ukraine, is to ensure reliable socio-economic development. This development, in turn, is characterized and depends on a healthy economy, the state of the external environment and the reliability of production facilities (in this case, the safe operation of nuclear power plants) or other human activities, for example, the preservation of ammunition, the very existence of which causes certain risks, as in exploitation and saving. Unintentional and deliberate explosions in ammunition storage depots, unsystematic and systemic accidents at nuclear power plants, which often lead to deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, global destruction of the civilization infrastructure of life in the areas where it happened, cause some concern to country leaders and specialists. For example, seeing the complexity of solving the problem of safety of nuclear power plants, a country such as Germany, at the official level, abandoned nuclear energy. Therefore, forecasting (identifying, determining) the levels of risks of exploitation or savings, which ultimately determine the most important indicators of a country's economic development or military potential according to the criterion of a reserve of war-carrying ammunition, their assessment and improvement of security methods, is a relevant and promising direction of scientific research. The need to solve such problems also concerns the scope of protection against the consequences of emergency situations caused by destruction or accidents at technically hazardous facilities. The events that have occurred over the past thirty years have shown that the state of the technological equipment of technically dangerous facilities and the possibility of their trouble-free operation significantly affect the economy and stability of any state, and the protection and operation mode of storage facilities, as well as the rules of saving ammunition. Based on the analysis of risks (threats), the source of occurrence of which are technically hazardous objects, such as nuclear power plants and hazardous substances storages, the levels of safety and risk indicators for emergency and, as a possible consequence, critical situations at these objects are determined. In addition, measures have been identified to prevent emergency situations at technically hazardous facilities.