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Where it all began: Washington, D.C. -- The Bahamas revelation: the interpretation & implication -- My editorial on the real statistical data -- Father of the nation: Sir Lynden Pindling -- What the founders envisioned: Sir A. Foulkes/Sir R. Fawkes -- The preamble - an overview -- Self-discipline -- Industry -- Loyalty -- Unity -- Respect for Christian values -- Respect for the rule of law -- Is there a case for higher ethics & morality in politics? -- Legitimacy and moral authority -- The role and purpose of government -- The definition and purpose of leadership -- A call to righteous governance -- Servant leadership: a concept -- Transformational leadership: a model -- Conservative & liberal beliefs -- In defense of marriage -- General election procedures in the Bahamas -- A project for reform: a national agenda.

In the wake of recent catastrophic natural disasters, the United Nations ('UN') has developed an increasingly sophisticated network of collaborative partnerships to assist with humanitarian relief operations. The growing use of open source technology such as crowd mapping and resource tracking being universally accessible, collaboratively designed, subject to ongoing improvement, and responsive to on-the ground needs, reflects in many respects the emerging UN governance mechanisms developed to support the creation of such technology. The 2008 meeting of the World Economic Forum called for increased documentation and 'dissemination of the work of humanitarian relief to both the humanitarian sector and private sector firms, mapping of assets, non-food items' and resources to prevent duplication. However, as yet, little attention has been given to the role of open source governance mechanisms in the context of disaster response. This paper aims to fill this gap by examining the emerging mechanisms by which private sector collaboration is coordinated by international institutions such as the UN. It finds that the emergence of post-disaster open source humanitarian relief reflects the observations of new governance legal scholars that coordination is increasingly the result of expanded participation and partnership on the part of governments and non-state actors, a learning-focused orientation, with the state increasingly acting as a convener, catalyst and coordinator. ; preprint

Critical scholarship on geographical indications (GIs) has increasingly focused upon their role in fostering development in the Global South. Recent work has drawn welcome attention to issues of governance and sparked new debates about the role of the state in GI regulation. We argue that this new emphasis needs to be coupled with a greater focus upon local social relations of power and interlinked issues of social justice. Rather than see GI regimes as apolitical technical administrative frameworks, we argue that they govern emerging public goods that should be forged to redress extant forms of social inequality and foster the inclusion of marginalized actors in commodity value chains. In many areas of the world, this will entail close attention to the historical specificities of colonial labor relations and their neocolonial legacies, which have entrenched conditions of racialized and gendered dispossession, particularly in plantation economies. Using examples from South Africa and South Asia, we illustrate how GIs conventionally reify territories in a fashion that obscures and/or naturalizes exploitative conditions of labor and unequal access to land based resources, which are legacies of historical disenfranchisement. Like other forms of neoliberal governmentality that support private governance for public ends, however, GIs might be shaped to support new forms of social justice. We show how issues of labor and place-based livelihoods increasingly influence new policy directions within Fair Trade agendas while concerns with "decolonizing" agricultural governance now animate certification initiatives emerging from new social movements. Both initiatives provide models for shaping the governance and regulation of GIs in projects of rural territorial development that encompass principles of rights-based development to further social movements for rural social justice.

Now a day several global initiatives like the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and follow up with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been put in place aimed at combating various global issues including extreme poverty face by Third world. The MDGs target one and two of the goal one aimed at overcoming the income poverty and hunger respectively, by 2015. Yet its achievement in many developing countries is not attained including Zanzibar. Thus, the study attempts to determine and elaborate on the mismatch between the established targets in poverty alleviation programs in Zanzibar particularly in MDGs target one and two of the goal one. The paper argued that despite the poverty reduction strategy introduced by the government of Zanzibar, the escalating rate of poverty in the country particularly at the rural grassroots is still very alarming. Within this context, this paper among other things examines the strategic failure and some challenges and barriers in reducing the rate of poverty in the country. It proceeds by showing some performance trends that realized since the establishment of the poverty reduction initiatives. The paper concludes that proper grassroots participation may assist and actively play significant role in the poverty reduction initiatives. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n2s1p273

This important study offers a conceptual analysis of gender and human rights under Islamic law, state law and international law, and extends this analysis to a specific examination of the nature of women's rights in the Islamic tradition. It explores the disparity between the theoretical perspective on women's rights and its applications to Muslim jurisdictions, determined by elements of cultural practices, socio-economic realities and political expediences, and uses the example of Pakistan to demonstrate the divergence between the theory and practice of Islamic law in these jurisdictions. It discusses the concept of an emerging 'operative' Islamic law, which includes principles of Islamic law, secular codes and popular custom and usage

This paper proposed several approaches for estimating the optical turbulence of the Earth's atmosphere and their effect on solar images' resolution using ground-based telescopes based on von Kárman, Kolmogorov, and modified von Kárman PSDs models. The results showed a strong correlation coefficient for the modified von Kármán model of atmospheric representation. As can be seen in the case where solar adaptive optics have been properly designed, they typically decrease aberration considerably and provide greatly improved imagery.

By 2050, the UK government plans to create 'Net zero society'.1 To meet this ambitious target, the deployment of low carbon technologies is an urgent priority. The low carbon heat recovery technologies such as heat recovery from sewage via heat pump can play an important role. It is based on recovering heat from the sewage that is added by the consumer, used and flushed in the sewer. This technology is currently successfully operating in many cities around the world. In the UK, there is also a rising interest to explore this technology after successful sewage heat recovery demonstration project at Borders College, Galashiels, Scotland.2 However, further experimental research is needed to build the evidence base, replicate, and de-risk the concept elsewhere in the UK. The Home Energy 4 Tomorrow (HE4T) project at London South Bank University was created to address this evidence gap. This is the fourth article in the series of outputs on sewage heat recovery and presents some results using sewage data from the UK's capital London. These data are scarce and provide useful information on the variation of flows and temperatures encountered in the sewers of the UK's capital. Lastly, we discuss the recoverable heat potential along with policy implications for the UK heat strategy.