Suchergebnisse

This study analyzes the influence of English medium instruction (EMI) on student English writing development in a Spanish undergraduate context, a language skill that remains underexplored in EMI research at tertiary level. Through a longitudinal pre- and post-test method, it explores the writing progress of EMI engineering students as compared to the achievement of a group of English as a foreign language (EFL) learners, according to different quantitative and qualitative writing measures. Results show a positive impact of EMI on student writing development at the levels of lexical accuracy and vocabulary. However, other writing areas, such as syntax, grammar, organization, or fluency, appeared unaffected. These findings challenge, to some extent, the widespread assumption that EMI contributes to improving student English language proficiency. This study suggests that sole exposure to the language in EMI contexts does not suffice to improve students' English writing abilities beyond the area of vocabulary. Therefore, it argues for the inclusion of language skill support within EMI programs to provide students with opportunities to achieve a comprehensive development of their English language and writing competence.

Los sefardíes ante los retos del mundo contemporáneo / Paloma Díaz-Mas y María Sánchez Pérez -- El judeoespañol, una lengua pluricéntrica al margen del español / Aldina Quintana -- La polémica sobre el judeoespañol en la prensa sefardí del imperio otomano: materiales para su estudio / Elena Romero -- El judeoespañol en los textos del período moderno (tardío) en Bulgaria / Amor Ayala -- Glosas frescas en La hermosa Hulda de España (Jerusalén, 1910) / Aitor García Moreno -- Un personaje prototípico del teatro sefardí oriental: acerca de la galiparla del franquito / Rosa Sánchez -- "Por el adelantamiento de la nación". Las ideas lingüísticas de Abraham A. Cappon / Beatrice Schmid -- Un erudito entre dos lenguas: el "castellano" de Hayim Bejarano en el prólogo a su refranero glosado (1913) / Marie-Christine Bornes-Varol -- Una lengua materna por adopción / Susy Gruss -- The journal La Buena Esperansa and its battle for reforms in the Jewish comnunity of Izmir / Rachel Saba-Wolfe -- Gacetero vienés vs. rabino saraylí: el inicio de una polémica / Katja Šmid -- La Época y El Avenir. Dos periódicos: dos discursos en contraste / Yvette Bürki -- El Plato de Purim (1909-1910), suplemento satírico del periódico El Avenir / Cristina Martínez Gálvez).-Tradición judía y actualidad social en cuatro artículos publicados en El Risón de Salónica / Sandra Schlumpf -- Entre escritura y oralidad: cuentos tradicionales en el periódico sefardí Yerushalayim / 1909) / María Sánchez Pérez -- Konstruksion de la memoria i rekonstruksion de la identidad: Agadot de gerra, un jenero neglejado de la literatura sefaradí / Eliezer Papo -- "A trenta groshes kavé": Referencias cotidianas del repertorio sefardí de Oriente / Susana Weich-Shahak -- "Avíe úne vez ... ": Julius Subak, Max A. Luria and phonographic field research among Sephardic communities in the Balkans / Christian Liebl -- "Si mosós no las vamos a recoger ... ": The Songbooks of Emily Sene and Bouena Sarfatty-Garfinkle / Rivka Havassy -- La lengua como recurso social: el caso de las mujeres sefardíes de los Balcanes / Jelena Filipovic; e Ivana Vucina Simovic -- La Kortesiya o reglas del buen komportamyento (Constantinopla, 1871), de Rosa de Yejeskel Gabay / Michael Alpert -- Laura Papo: la evolución de la mujer sefardí de Bosnia a partir de 1878 / Nela Kovacevic -- La mujer moderna en el teatro costumbrista sefardí (1900-1930) / María del Carmen Valentín -- Identity and Memory in the Works of Haim S. Davicho / Krinka Vidakovic-Petrov -- Shem Tov Semo, Sefardi Vienna and the cradle of Judezmo philology / Michael Studemund-Halévy -- El Trajumán de Michael Papo (1884) / Elia Hernández Socas, Carsten Sinner y Encarnación Tabares Plasencia -- El archivo epistolar de Michael Molho: caracterización y análisis de las cartas recibidas por él entre 1945 y 1963 / Shmuel Refael.

The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London-, which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The national cohorts are supported by: Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra,-and the Catalan Institute of OncologyICO (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skane and Vasterbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (C864/A14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C8221/A29017 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (MR/N003284/1, MC-UU 12015/1 and MC UU_00006/1to EPIC-Norfolk; MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford). (United Kingdom). Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. ; BACKGROUND: CA125 is the best available yet insufficiently sensitive biomarker for early detection of ovarian cancer. There is a need to identify novel biomarkers, which individually or in combination with CA125 can achieve adequate sensitivity and specificity for the detection of earlier-stage ovarian cancer. METHODS: In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, we measured serum levels of 92 preselected proteins for 91 women who had blood sampled ≤18 months prior to ovarian cancer diagnosis, and 182 matched controls. We evaluated the discriminatory performance of the proteins as potential early diagnostic biomarkers of ovarian cancer. RESULTS: Nine of the 92 markers; CA125, HE4, FOLR1, KLK11, WISP1, MDK, CXCL13, MSLN and ADAM8 showed an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of ≥0.70 for discriminating between women diagnosed with ovarian cancer and women who remained cancerfree. All, except ADAM8, had shown at least equal discrimination in previous case-control comparisons. The discrimination of the biomarkers, however, was low for the lag-time of >9–18 months and paired combinations of CA125 with any of the 8 markers did not improve discrimination compared to CA125 alone. CONCLUSION: Using pre-diagnostic serum samples, this study identified markers with good discrimination for the lag-time of 0–9 months. However, the discrimination was low in blood samples collected more than 9 months prior to diagnosis, and none of the markers showed major improvement in discrimination when added to CA125. ; World Health Organization ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London ; Danish Cancer Society ; Ligue Contre le Cancer (France) ; Institut Gustave Roussy (France) ; Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale (France) ; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) ; Deutsche Krebshilfe ; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (Germany) ; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE) (Germany) ; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) ; Fondazione AIRC per la ricerca sul cancro ; Compagnia di San Paolo ; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) ; Netherlands Government ; World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF) ; Netherlands Government ; Health Research Fund (FIS)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (Spain) ; Junta de Andalucia ; Regional Government of Asturias (Spain) ; Regional Government of Basque Country (Spain) ; Regional Government of Murcia (Spain) ; Regional Government of Navarra (Spain) ; Catalan Institute of OncologyICO (Spain) ; Swedish Cancer Society ; Swedish Research Council ; County Council of Skane (Sweden) ; County Council of Vasterbotten (Sweden) ; Cancer Research UK C864/A14136 C8221/A29017 ; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) ; Medical Research Council UK (MRC) MR/N003284/1 MC-UU 12015/1 MC UU_00006/1 MR/M012190/1 ; Projekt DEAL

This work was funded by the French National Cancer Institute (grant number 2016-128) and the World Cancer Research Fund (grant number 2017/1614). Manon Cairat was supported by a PhD fellowship from la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The national cohorts are supported by: Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Institute of Human Nutrition PotsdamRehbruecke (DIfE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS) -Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology -ICO (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skane and Vasterbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C8221/A29017 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPICNorfolk; MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford). (United Kingdom). The funders were not involved in designing the study; collecting, analyzing or interpreting the data; or in writing or submitting the manuscript for publication. ; Background: Inflammation has been hypothesized to play a role in the development and progression of breast cancer and might differently impact breast cancer risk among pre and postmenopausal women. We performed a nested case-control study to examine whether pre-diagnostic circulating concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, c-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and 6 interleukins were associated with breast cancer risk, overall and by menopausal status. Methods: Pre-diagnostic levels of inflammatory biomarkers were measured in plasma from 1558 case-control pairs from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of breast cancer at blood collection, per one standard deviation increase in biomarker concentration. Results: Cases were diagnosed at a mean age of 61.4 years on average 8.6 years after blood collection. No statistically significant association was observed between inflammatory markers and breast cancer risk overall. In premenopausal women, borderline significant inverse associations were observed for leptin, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio and CRP [OR= 0.89 (0.77–1.03), OR= 0.88 (0.76–1.01) and OR= 0.87 (0.75–1.01), respectively] while positive associations were observed among postmenopausal women [OR= 1.16 (1.05–1.29), OR= 1.11 (1.01–1.23), OR= 1.10 (0.99–1.22), respectively]. Adjustment for BMI strengthened the estimates in premenopausal women [leptin: OR = 0.83 (0.68– 1.00), leptin-to-adiponectin ratio: OR = 0.80 (0.66–0.97), CRP: OR = 0.85 (0.72–1.00)] but attenuated the estimates in postmenopausal women [leptin: OR = 1.09 (0.96–1.24), leptin-to-adiponectin ratio: OR = 1.02 (0.89–1.16), CRP: OR = 1.04 (0.92–1.16)]. Conclusions: Associations between CRP, leptin and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio with breast cancer risk may represent the dual effect of obesity by menopausal status although this deserves further investigation. ; Institut National du Cancer (INCA) France 2016-128 ; World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF) 2017/1614 ; Ligue nationale contre le cancer ; World Health Organization ; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) ; Danish Cancer Society ; Ligue nationale contre le cancer ; Institut Gustave Roussy ; Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale ; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) ; Deutsche Krebshilfe ; Helmholtz Association ; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) ; Fondazione AIRC per la ricerca sul cancro ; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) ; Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds ; Dutch Prevention Funds ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) ; World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands ; Health Research Fund (FIS) -Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) ; Catalan Institute of Oncology -ICO (Spain) ; Swedish Cancer Society ; Swedish Research Council ; European Commission ; County Councils of Skane ; Vasterbotten (Sweden) ; Cancer Research UK 14136 C8221/A29017 ; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) ; Medical Research Council UK (MRC) ; European Commission 1000143 MR/M012190/1

This work was partially funded by the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (Grant No.: FIJC1100); the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Spain (Grant No.: PI15/00966); the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants, Government of Catalonia (Grant No.: 2017SGR00733); the CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) (`Cohort-Real World Data' subprogram). ; Comprehensive population-based data on myeloid neoplasms (MNs) are limited, mainly because some subtypes were not recognized as hematological cancers prior to the WHO publication in 2001, and others are too rare to allow robust estimates within regional studies. Herein, we provide incidence data of the whole spectrum of MNs in Spain during 2002–2013 using harmonized data from 13 population-based cancer registries. Cases (n = 17,522) were grouped following the HAEMACARE groupings and 2013-European standardized incidence rates ( ASRE), incidence trends, and estimates for 2021 were calculated. ASRE per 100,000 inhabitants was 5.14 (95% CI: 5.00–5.27) for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), 4.71 (95% CI: 4.59–4.84) for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), 3.91 (95% CI: 3.79–4.02) for acute myeloid leukemia, 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78–0.88) for MDS/MPN, 0.35 (95% CI: 0.32–0.39) for acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage, and 0.58 (95% CI: 0.53–0.62) for nototherwise specified (NOS) cases. This study highlights some useful points for public health authorities, such as the remarkable variability in incidence rates among Spanish provinces, the increasing incidence of MPN, MDS, and MDS/MPN during the period of study, in contrast to a drop in NOS cases, and the number of cases expected in 2021 based on these data (8446 new MNs). ; Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute FIJC1100 ; Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Spain PI15/00966 ; Agency for Management of University and Research Grants, Government of Catalonia 2017SGR00733 ; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) ('Cohort-Real World Data' subprogram)

The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Health Research Fund (FIS), PI13/00061 to Granada; PI13/01162 to EPIC-Murcia), Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology (Spain). This study was in part funded by Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds (WKOF), as part of the World Cancer Research Fund International grant programme (IIG_2016_1636, Principal Investigator: Isabelle Soerjomataram), by the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF UK) as part of the World Cancer Research Fund International grant programme (IIG_2019_1978, Principal Investigator: Heinz Freisling), and by the French National Cancer Institute (INCA_ N degrees 2020-087, Principal Investigator: Heinz Freisling). ; Background: Body mass index (BMI) and cardiometabolic comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes have been studied as negative prognostic factors in cancer survival, but possible dependencies in the mechanisms underlying these associations remain largely unexplored. We analysed these associations in colorectal and breast cancer patients. Methods: Based on repeated BMI assessments of cancer-free participants from four European countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC) study, individual BMI-trajectories reflecting predicted mean BMI between ages 20 to 50 years were estimated using a growth curve model. Participants with incident colorectal or breast cancer after the age of 50 years were included in the survival analysis to study the ...

The EPIC-CVD project was supported by the European Union Framework 7 (HEALTH-F2-2012-279233), the European Research Council (268834), the UK Medical Research Council (G0800270, MR/L003120/1), the British Heart Foundation (SP/09/002, RG/08/014, RG13/13/30194), and the UK National Institute of Health Research (to EPIC-CVD). The establishment of the subcohort was supported by the EU Sixth Framework Programme (FP6) (grant LSHM_CT_2006_037197 to the InterAct project) and the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit (grants MC_ UU_12015/1 and MC_UU_12015/5). The national EPIC cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) (France); Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany); Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Stavros Niarchos Foundation and Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece); Italian Association for Research on Cancer (AIRC) and National Research Council (Italy) and MIUR "Dipartimenti di Eccellenza"(Project D15D18000410001) to the Department of Medical Sciences; Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF); ERC-2009-AdG 232997 and Nordforsk, Nordic Centre of Excellence programme on Food, Nutrition and Health (Norway); Health Research Fund (FIS), Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, ISCIII RETIC (RD06/0020) (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council and Regional Government of Skane and Vasterbotten (Sweden); and Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council (United Kingdom). LIFE-Heart is funded by the Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE). LIFE is an organizational unit affiliated to the Medical Faculty of the University of Leipzig. LIFE is funded by means of the ...

Alcohol consumption is causally linked to several cancers but the evidence for stomach cancer is inconclusive. In our study, the association between long-term alcohol intake and risk of stomach cancer and its subtypes was evaluated. We performed a pooled analysis of data collected at baseline from 491 714 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition and the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for incident stomach cancer in relation to lifetime alcohol intake and group-based life course intake trajectories, adjusted for potential confounders including Helicobacter pylori infection. In all, 1225 incident stomach cancers (78% noncardia) were diagnosed over 7 094 637 person-years; 984 in 382 957 study participants with lifetime alcohol intake data (5 455 507 person-years). Although lifetime alcohol intake was not associated with overall stomach cancer risk, we observed a weak positive association with noncardia cancer (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.06 per 10 g/d increment), with a HR of 1.50 (95% CI: 1.08-2.09) for ≥60 g/d compared to 0.1 to 4.9 g/d. A weak inverse association with cardia cancer (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-1.00) was also observed. HRs of 1.48 (95% CI: 1.10-1.99) for noncardia and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.26-1.03) for cardia cancer were observed for a life course trajectory characterized by heavy decreasing intake compared to light stable intake (Phomogeneity = .02). These associations did not differ appreciably by smoking or H pylori infection status. Limiting alcohol use during lifetime, particularly avoiding heavy use during early adulthood, might help prevent noncardia stomach cancer. Heterogeneous associations observed for cardia and noncardia cancers may indicate etiologic differences. ; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia 1074383 209057 396414 GNT1163120 ; Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Cancer Council Victoria ; Cancer Research UK C570/A16491 C8221/A19170 C864/A14136 ; Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO (Spain) ; Danish Cancer Society ; Deutsche Krebshilfe ; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (Germany) ; Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports ; European Commission European Commission Joint Research Centre ; Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education (Australia) ; French Ministry of Health GR-IARC-2003-09-12-01 ; Health Research Fund (FIS) -Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) ; Junta de Andalucía ; Regional Government of Asturias ; Basque Government ; Regional Government of Murcia ; Regional Government of Navarra ; Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece) ; Hellenic Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity (Greece) ; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) ; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) ; Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) ; Ligue Contre le Cancer (France) ; LK Research Funds ; Dutch Prevention Funds ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) ; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Medical Research Council UK (MRC) MC-UU_12015/1 MR/M012190/1 MR/N003284/ ; Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale ; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) (the Netherlands) ; Netherlands Cancer Registry ; Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece) ; Stroke Association (UK) ; British Heart Foundation ; Department of Health (UK) ; Food Standards Agency (UK) ; Wellcome Trust ; Swedish Cancer Society ; Swedish Scientific Council (Sweden) ; Regional Government of Skane (Sweden) ; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) ; VicHealth (Australia) ; World Cancer Research Fund and Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands) ; Institut Gustave Roussy

The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany); the Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF); ERC-2009-AdG 232997 and Nordforsk, Nordic Centre of Excellence programme on Food, Nutrition and Health (Norway); Health Research Fund (FIS), PI13/00061 to Granada; PI13/01162 to EPIC-Murcia, Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPICNorfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (UK). We thank the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, and the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)-Bilthoven, the Netherlands, for their contribution and ongoing support to the EPIC Study. ; For information on how to submit an application for gaining access to EPIC data and/or biospecimens, please follow the instructions at http://epic.iarc.fr/ access/index.php. ; Informed consent was given by all study participants, and ethical approval for the entire EPIC cohort was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the International Agency for Research on Cancer in Lyon, France, under protocol numbers SC/24/4 and SC/24/6, as well as from local ethics committees in the participating countries. ; The authors thank the EPIC participants and staff for their valuable contribution to this research and Bertrand Hemon (International Agency for Research on Cancer) for managing the data for the EPIC project. ; Background Trans fatty acids (TFAs) have been hypothesised to influence breast cancer risk. However, relatively few prospective studies have examined this relationship, and well-powered analyses according to hormone receptor-defined molecular subtypes, menopausal status, and body size have rarely been conducted. Methods In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), we investigated the associations between dietary intakes of TFAs (industrial trans fatty acids [ITFAs] and ruminant trans fatty acids [RTFAs]) and breast cancer risk among 318,607 women. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for other breast cancer risk factors. Results After a median follow-up of 8.1 years, 13,241 breast cancer cases occurred. In the multivariable-adjusted model, higher total ITFA intake was associated with elevated breast cancer risk (HR for highest vs lowest quintile, 1.14, 95% CI 1.06-1.23; P trend = 0.001). A similar positive association was found between intake of elaidic acid, the predominant ITFA, and breast cancer risk (HR for highest vs lowest quintile, 1.14, 95% CI 1.06-1.23; P trend = 0.001). Intake of total RTFAs was also associated with higher breast cancer risk (HR for highest vs lowest quintile, 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.17; P trend = 0.015). For individual RTFAs, we found positive associations with breast cancer risk for dietary intakes of two strongly correlated fatty acids (Spearman correlation r = 0.77), conjugated linoleic acid (HR for highest vs lowest quintile, 1.11, 95% CI 1.03-1.20; P trend = 0.001) and palmitelaidic acid (HR for highest vs lowest quintile, 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.16; P trend = 0.028). Similar associations were found for total ITFAs and RTFAs with breast cancer risk according to menopausal status, body mass index, and breast cancer subtypes. Conclusions These results support the hypothesis that higher dietary intakes of ITFAs, in particular elaidic acid, are associated with elevated breast cancer risk. Due to the high correlation between conjugated linoleic acid and palmitelaidic acid, we were unable to disentangle the positive associations found for these fatty acids with breast cancer risk. Further mechanistic studies are needed to identify biological pathways that may underlie these associations. ; European Commission European Commission Joint Research Centre ; International Agency for Research on Cancer ; Danish Cancer Society ; Ligue Contre le Cancer (France) ; Institut Gustave Roussy (France) ; Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale (France) ; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) ; Deutsche Krebshilfe ; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (Germany) ; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) ; Deutsche Krebshilfe ; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (Germany) ; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) ; Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece) ; Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) ; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) ; Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS) ; Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR) ; LK Research Funds ; Dutch Prevention Funds ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) ; World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF) ; Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI13/00061 PI13/01162 ; Junta de Andalucia ; Catalan Institute of Oncology (Spain) ; Swedish Cancer Society Swedish Research Council ; County Council of Skane (Sweden) ; County Council of Vasterbotten (Sweden) ; Cancer Research UK 14136 C570/A16491 C8221/A19170 ; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Medical Research Council UK (MRC) 1000143 MR/M012190/1 ; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht ; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)-Bilthoven, the Netherlands ; Nordforsk, Nordic Centre of Excellence programme on Food, Nutrition and Health (Norway) ; Regional Government of Asturias (Spain) ; Regional Government of Basque Country (Spain) ; Regional Government of Murcia (Spain) ; Regional Government of Navarra (Spain) ; Junta de Andalucia ; ERC-2009-AdG 232997

The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by the Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany); the Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece); the Sicilian Government, AIRE ONLUS Ragusa, AVIS Ragusa, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), and Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands); Nordic Centre of Excellence programme on Food, Nutrition and Health. (Norway); Health Research Fund (FIS), PI13/00061 to Granada, PI13/01162 to EPIC-Murcia, Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia, Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology (Barcelona), Spain; Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council, and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (C864/A14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C8221/A19170, C570/A16491 and C8221/ A290170 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (MR/ N003284/1 and MC-UU_12015/1 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/ M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford (UK). The funding sources had no influence on the design of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; the writing of the report; or the decision to submit the paper for publication.Support for this study was also provided by the COST Action CA17118 supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology, www.cost.eu) to DJH. ; Experimental evidence has implicated genotoxic Escherichia coli (E. coli) and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, evidence from epidemiological studies is sparse. We therefore assessed the association of serological markers of E. coli and ETBF exposure with odds of developing CRC in the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer (EPIC) study. Serum samples of incident CRC cases and matched controls (n = 442 pairs) were analyzed for immunoglobulin (Ig) A and G antibody responses to seven E. coli proteins and two isoforms of the ETBF toxin via multiplex serology. Multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of sero-positivity to E. coli and ETBF with CRC. The IgA-positivity of any of the tested E. coli antigens was associated with higher odds of developing CRC (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.05–1.91). Dual-positivity for both IgA and IgG to E. coli and ETBF was associated with >1.7-fold higher odds of developing CRC, with a significant association only for IgG (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.94). This association was more pronounced when restricted to the proximal colon cancers (OR: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.09, 6.29) compared to those of the distal colon (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.51, 3.00) (pheterogeneity = 0.095). Sero-positivity to E. coli and ETBF was associated with CRC development, suggesting that co-infection of these bacterial species may contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis. These findings warrant further exploration in larger prospective studies and within different population groups. ; European Commission (DG-SANCO) ; International Agency for Research on Cancer ; Danish Cancer Society (Denmark) ; Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France) ; Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany) ; Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece) ; Sicilian Government, AIRE ONLUS Ragusa, AVIS Ragusa, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, and National Research Council (Italy) ; Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), and Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands) ; Nordic Centre of Excellence programme on Food, Nutrition and Health. (Norway) ; Health Research Fund (FIS), PI13/00061 to Granada, PI13/01162 to EPIC-Murcia, Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia, Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology (Barcelona), Spain ; Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council, and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden) ; Cancer Research UK (C864/A14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C8221/A19170, C570/A16491 and C8221/ A290170 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (MR/ N003284/1 and MC-UU_12015/1 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/ M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford (UK) ; COST Action CA17118 supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)

Funding [WCRF 2015/1391, PI: M. Jenab] was obtained from Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds (WKOF), as part of the World Cancer Research Fund International grant program. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The national cohorts are supported by: Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Generale de lEducation Nationale, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, the Catalan Institute of OncologyICO (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skane and Vaesterbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C8221/A29017 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk; MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom). The EPIC-Norfolk study (DOI 10.22025/2019.10.105.00004) received funding from the Medical Research Council (MR/N003284/1 and MC-UU_12015/1) and Cancer Research UK (C864/A14136). V. Fedirko is supported by the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) Rising Stars Award (Grant ID RR200056). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. ; Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) may promote oxidative stress and inflammation and have been linked to multiple chronic diseases, including cancer. However, the association of AGEs with mortality after colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis has not been previously investigated. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for associations between dietary intake of AGEs with CRC-specific and all-cause mortality among 5801 participant cases diagnosed with CRC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study between 1993 and 2013. Dietary intakes of AGEs were estimated using country-specific dietary questionnaires, linked to an AGE database, that accounted for food preparation and processing. During a median of 58 months of follow-up, 2421 cases died (1841 from CRC). Individually or combined, dietary intakes of AGEs were not associated with all-cause and CRC-specific mortality among cases. However, there was a suggestion for a positive association between AGEs and all-cause or CRC-specific mortality among CRC cases without type II diabetes (all-cause, P-interaction = 0.05) and CRC cases with the longest follow-up between recruitment and cancer diagnosis (CRC-specific, P-interaction = 0.003; all-cause, P-interaction = 0.01). Our study suggests that pre-diagnostic dietary intakes of AGEs were not associated with CRC-specific or all-cause mortality among CRC patients. Further investigations using biomarkers of AGEs and stratifying by sex, diabetes status, and timing of exposure to AGEs are warranted. ; Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds (WKOF), World Cancer Research Fund International grant program WCRF 2015/1391 ; World Health Organization ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London ; Danish Cancer Society ; Ligue Contre le Cancer (France) Institut Gustave Roussy (France) Mutuelle Generale de lEducation Nationale (France) ; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) ; Deutsche Krebshilfe German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (Germany) German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE) (Germany) ; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) ; Fondazione AIRC per la ricerca sul cancro Compagnia di San Paolo Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) ; Netherlands Government ; World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF) ; Health Research Fund (FIS) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) ; Junta de Andalucia Regional Government of Asturias (Spain) Regional Government of Basque Country (Spain) Regional Government of Murcia (Spain) Regional Government of Navarra (Spain) Catalan Institute of OncologyICO (Spain) ; Swedish Cancer Society Swedish Research Council County Council of Skane (Sweden) County Council of Vaesterbotten (Sweden) ; Cancer Research UK 14136 C8221/A29017 ; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Medical Research Council UK (MRC) 1000143 MR/M012190/1 UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Medical Research Council UK (MRC) ; European Commission MR/N003284/1 MC-UU_12015/1 ; Cancer Research UK C864/A14136 ; Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) Rising Stars Award RR200056

This work was supported by the French National Cancer Institute (INCa SHSESP17, grant No. 2017-127 to N. Murphy). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The national cohorts are supported by: Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Institute of Human Nutrition PotsdamRehbruecke (DIfE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Ska degrees ne and V_asterbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C8221/A29017 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk; MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom). ; Background: Observational studies have consistently reported that postmenopausal hormone therapy use is associated with lower colon cancer risk, but epidemiologic studies examining the associations between circulating concentrations of endogenous estrogens and colorectal cancer have reported inconsistent results. Methods: We investigated the associations between circulating concentrations of estrone, estradiol, free estradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), progesterone, and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) with colon cancer risk in a nested case-control study of 1028 postmenopausal European women (512 colon cancer cases, 516 matched controls) who were noncurrent users of exogenous hormones at blood collection. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to evaluate the association between circulating sex hormones and colon cancer risk. We also conducted a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies of circulating estrone and estradiol with colorectal, colon, and rectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Results: In the multivariable model, a nonstatistically significantly positive relationship was found between circulating estrone and colon cancer risk (odds ratio per log2 1-unit increment¼1.17 [95% confidence interval¼1.00 to 1.38]; odds ratioquartile4-quartile1¼1.33 [95% confidence interval¼0.89 to 1.97], Ptrend¼.20). Circulating concentrations of estradiol, free estradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA, progesterone, and SHBG were not associated with colon cancer risk. In the doseresponse meta-analysis, no clear evidence of associations were found between circulating estradiol and estrone concentrations with colorectal, colon, and rectal cancer risk. Conclusion: Our observational and meta-analysis results do not support an association between circulating concentrations of endogenous sex hormones and colon or rectal cancer in postmenopausal women. ; French National Cancer Institute (INCa SHSESP17) 2017-127 ; World Health Organization ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London ; Danish Cancer Society ; Ligue Contre le Cancer (France) ; Institut Gustave Roussy (France) ; Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale (France) ; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) ; Deutsche Krebshilfe German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (Germany) German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbruecke (DIfE) (Germany) ; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) ; Fondazione AIRC per la ricerca sul cancro ; Compagnia di San Paolo Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) ; Netherlands Government ; World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF) ; Health Research Fund (FIS) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (Spain) Junta de Andalucia Regional Government of Asturias (Spain) Regional Government of Basque Country (Spain) Regional Government of Murcia (Spain) Regional Government of Navarra (Spain) Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO (Spain) ; Swedish Cancer Society Swedish Research Council County Council of Skane (Sweden) County Council of Vasterbotten (Sweden) ; Cancer Research UK 14136 C8221/A29017 UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Medical Research Council UK (MRC) 1000143 MR/M012190/1

Background: Nutrition and lifestyle have been long established as risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). Modifiable lifestyle behaviours bear potential to minimize long-term CRC risk; however, translation of lifestyle information into individualized CRC risk assessment has not been implemented. Lifestyle-based risk models may aid the identification of high-risk individuals, guide referral to screening and motivate behaviour change. We therefore developed and validated a lifestyle-based CRC risk prediction algorithm in an asymptomatic European population. Methods: The model was based on data from 255,482 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study aged 19 to 70 years who were free of cancer at study baseline (1992–2000) and were followed up to 31 September 2010. The model was validated in a sample comprising 74,403 participants selected among five EPIC centres. Over a median follow-up time of 15 years, there were 3645 and 981 colorectal cancer cases in the derivation and validation samples, respectively. Variable selection algorithms in Cox proportional hazard regression and random survival forest (RSF) were used to identify the best predictors among plausible predictor variables. Measures of discrimination and calibration were calculated in derivation and validation samples. To facilitate model communication, a nomogram and a web-based application were developed. Results: The final selection model included age, waist circumference, height, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, vegetables, dairy products, processed meat, and sugar and confectionary. The risk score demonstrated good discrimination overall and in sex-specific models. Harrell's C-index was 0.710 in the derivation cohort and 0.714 in the validation cohort. The model was well calibrated and showed strong agreement between predicted and observed risk. Random survival forest analysis suggested high model robustness. Beyond age, lifestyle data led to improved model performance overall (continuous net reclassification improvement = 0.307 (95% CI 0.264–0.352)), and especially for young individuals below 45 years (continuous net reclassification improvement = 0.364 (95% CI 0.084–0.575)). Conclusions: LiFeCRC score based on age and lifestyle data accurately identifies individuals at risk for incident colorectal cancer in European populations and could contribute to improved prevention through motivating lifestyle change at an individual level. ; German Research Foundation (DFG) AL 1784/3-1 ; European Commission European Commission Joint Research Centre ; International Agency for Research on Cancer ; Danish Cancer Society ; Ligue Contre le Cancer (France) ; Institut Gustave Roussy (France) ; Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale (France) ; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) ; Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) (Germany) ; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) ; Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece) ; Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) ; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) ; Netherlands Government ; World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF) ; Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI13/00061 PI13/01162 ; Junta de Andalucia ; Regional Government of Asturias (Spain) ; Regional Government of Basque Country (Spain) ; Regional Government of Murcia (Spain) 6236 ; Regional Government of Navarra (Spain) ; Regional Government of Catalonia (Catalan Institute of Oncology -ICO-IDIBELL) (Spain) ; Swedish Cancer Society ; Swedish Research Council ; County Council of Skane (Sweden) ; County Council of Vasterbotten (Sweden) ; Cancer Research UK C864/A14136 C8221/A19170 ; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Medical Research Council UK (MRC) MR/N003284/1 MC-UU_12015/1 MR/M012190/1 ; Projekt DEAL