A system for the deterministic transfer of 2D materials under inert environmental conditions
The isolation of air-sensitive two-dimensional (2D) materials and the race to achieve a better control of the interfaces in van der Waals heterostructures has pushed the scientific community towards the development of experimental setups that allow to exfoliate and transfer 2D materials under inert atmospheric conditions. These systems are typically based on over pressurized N2 of Ar gloveboxes that require the use of very thick gloves to operate within the chamber or the implementation of several motorized micro-manipulators. Here, we set up a deterministic transfer system for 2D materials within a gloveless anaerobic chamber. Unlike other setups based on over-pressurized gloveboxes, in our system the operator can manipulate the 2D materials within the chamber with bare hands. This experimental setup allows us to exfoliate 2D materials and to deterministically place them at a desired location with accuracy in a controlled O2-free and very low humidity (<2% RH) atmosphere. We illustrate the potential of this system to work with air-sensitive 2D materials by comparing the stability of black phosphorus and perovskite flakes inside and outside the anaerobic chamber ; This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement n° 755655, ERC-StG 2017 project 2D-TOPSENSE). EU Graphene Flagship funding (Grant Graphene Core 2, 785219) is acknowledged. RF acknowledges the support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness through a Juan de la Cierva-formación fellowship 2017 FJCI2017-32919. QHZ acknowledges the grant from China Scholarship Council (CSC) under No. 201700290035. MS acknowledges the financial support of a fellowship from 'la Caixa' Foundation (ID 100010434). The fellowship code is LCF/BQ/IN17/11620040. MS has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 713673. FP acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the 'María de Maeztu' Program for Units of Excellence in R and D (MDM-2014-0377)