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The article aims to identify the perspectives of the development of paradiplomacy in the context of feminist foreign policy using the example of Spain. The author shows the relationship between the foreign policy of central government and the foreign activity of the regions and the place of sub-state actors in the central strategies of feminist foreign policy. The example of Spain and its recently published strategy was chosen due to the interchangeable application of the concept of foreign policy and external action and the clear distinction of the actors involved in the implementation of the paradigm. The comparative case study aims to show how the regions apply the practice of feminist foreign policy in their paradiplomacy strategies. On this basis, areas have been identified which, in this perspective, are fields for the development of the "feminist paradiplomacy" of the autonomous communities of Spain.

Celem artykułu jest analiza aktorów subpaństwowych jako podmiotów dyplomacji. W artykule został poruszony problem ewolucji podmiotowej dyplomacji oraz trudności we współczesnym definiowaniu tego pojęcia. Ponadto opisane zostały kwestie dotyczące naukowego dyskursu na temat aktywności zewnętrznej jednostek terytorialnych, tj. problemu z terminologią oraz różnorodnym poziomem zaawansowania. Przedstawiono różne klasyfikacje motywów takiej działalności oraz zobrazowano przykładami instrumenty, którymi się posługują.

The COVID-19 strongly affected the states all over the world in several aspects, Spain, being an inglorious leader in terms of the number of infections in Europe, was highly afflicted by the coronavirus and further consequences. After problems with forming the government, which was caused by substantial political polarization, a new incumbent coalition needed to face new challenges, which was strictly connected with managing the coronavirus crisis. The article's main aim is to present how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the political situation in Spain by analyzing the relations between the ruling government and the parliamentary opposition.