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The paper discusses the concept of the inner determinant of a language proposed by the founder of systemic linguistics G.P. Mel'nikov in continuation of W. von Humboldt's idea of the inner form of language. The purpose of the research is to actualize one of the methods of systemic linguistics in the light of modern scientific paradigms. We examine the method of determinantal analysis of language systems and the notions which are closely related to it: morphological type of language, nominative and communicative angles of presenting a situation in a typical utterance, ways of organizing grammatical semantics in languages of various types. The research shows that G.P. Mel'nikov's concept of inner determinants of languages allows to interpret the traditional morphological classification of languages as a system of types opposed according to their inner determinants in historically formed specific communicative conditions acting as external determinants of languages

The subject of the article is a comparison of the case systems of the agglutinative Turkic languages of Southern Siberia with the aim to establish their typological commonality and differences. The method of case systems geometric modeling allows us to clearly demonstrate the semantic oppositions of case forms in a selected language and compare differences in the semantic structure of case systems of both related and non-related languages. The main result of the study is the establishment of a direct relationship between the case category, the language morphological type and the canonical structure of a typical utterance in each language and an indirect relationship with the typical conditions of communication in a language community. The study showed that the case systems of the considered languages contain the optimal composition of paradigm elements in the communicative conditions typical for agglutinative languages. Speakers of agglutinative languages have common generic and individual images, and in a particular situation, communicants are aware of the subjects and objects mentioned in the utterance, which allows using case forms to express not only the main actant roles, but also additional components of grammatical meanings. The results obtained can be used primarily in systemic typology, as well as in Turkic studies.