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The article examines the features of the Russian economy development in modern conditions as determined by the change in technological structures. The reason for this is the fact that one of the key factors influencing the transformation of the economy is the factors of scientific and technological progress adapting to the dominant technological order, which, in turn, has certain features: production technology, management, resource consumption, energy sources and others. This article uses the generally accepted four-phase model of the cycle, despite the existing viewpoints on it as a schematic and simplified approach. The sixth technological order (based on N. Kondratyev's long wave theory, S.Yu. Glazyev assumed it began in 2010) is characterized by the introduction of cyber-physical systems into all spheres of social life. The most pronounced deviations from the mainstream – driven by the change in technological structures – in the development of the Russian economy are noted. General indicators and groups of indicators are analyzed, namely: the share of innovative products in GDP; the share of the "digital economy" turnover in GDP; the share of people employed in knowledgeintensive/digital industries in the total number of people employed in the economy; number and dynamics of international patents in the digital sphere, including in the context of crosscountry comparisons, etc. The analysis shows that there is a systemic crisis in the national economy and proves that the persistence of backlogs is the main threat to the national and economic security of the country. At the same time, world rankings of states in the field of innovations and science-intensive technologies, as well as Russian scientific and educational systems' participation in such rankings can help in understanding the situation with the role of the national economy and with the lagging behind in global technological trends. Today, according to these ratings, only a small part of Russian universities meet the criteria of competitiveness. The so-called "brain drain" problem is added to the problem of lagging in innovative development: the Russian Federation is one of the world leaders (in a negative context, among countries with a comparable GDP level) in the field. However, the problem of leakage of highly qualified, primarily scientific and technical specialists, is typical for emerging economies, especially at the transformational stage. The scale of the "brain drain" cannot be measured accurately enough: for example, in all states that apply agreements on dual citizenship,accounting for external migration of scientific and technical personnel is objectively difficult.Another problem is low labor productivity. The problem is systemic and complex, as in many other cases of the observed lagging of the national economy behind world leaders since the Soviet period. However, universal solutions in the field of labor motivation, incentives to increase labor productivity have still not been found in the domestic practice. Western practices do not take root due to the inconsistency/underestimation of domestic cultural traditions and workers' mentality, and the adaptation of such techniques is very difficult. Overcoming the existing deviations is seen as a nationwide task, the solution of which requires the unification of efforts of the state, the business community, the scientific and educational world.

Objective. The article aims to identify the impact of the pandemic (COVID-19) on the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Program. The program contains an attempt to coordinate the actions of the world community in the fight against global problems. The important aspects of human activity is agricultural land use. Experts believe that modern land use leads to even more pollution of the environment. The anthropogenic factor increases its influence. Population growth requires the intensification of agriculture to solve the problem of hunger on Earth. But, intensive forms of agricultural land use lead to a violation of the eco-balance. Methodology. The authors employ a systemic interdisciplinary approach, in the perspective to economy and political science, and drawing from discourse, context, and semantic analysis. The main data sources include, among many others, UN FAO and the Russian Statistics Service. Results. As a universal shock, the COVID-19 pandemic affected the agreements by the global elite. Treaties and arrangements aimed at sustainable global development turned counterproductive, with the viral and some other challenges drastically reducing the levels of cooperation. The pandemic has shifted the focus of national governments into playing ahead of the curve, and these actions are set to continue hindering the efficiency of solving worldwide problems. The authors argue that the global elite should apply some effort to streamlining such negative externalities. Scientific novelty. The authors substantiate their assumptions of the impossibility of solving the issue of anthropogenic influence if not connected with forecasted levels of population and life support technologies, an integral part being political agendas set by national governments.

The main task in the article is to describe the conditions for an effective domestic policy of the Russian Federation. The authors justified the neo-institutional method as the most effective for analysis. Several institutional practices of domestic policy are described based on this method. The trends in the development of Russia's domestic policy are proved with the help of neo-institutionalism. The authors conclude that neo-institutionalism can explain the interdependence between public trust, opportunistic behavior, and the incorrect operation of political institutions. Transaction costs can be reduced by improving institutional practices. The authors proposed a model of social behavior. This model will facilitate the reproduction of institutional relations by political actors.