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"The EU has undergone a deep transformation in the last 25 years. The goals adopted by the EU at the international level in climate negotiations have led to the internal adoption of goals by the EU member States. The book examines the changes experienced by the European Union that have gone on in parallel to its leadership in climate negotiations since 1992 and analyses whether combating climate change has contributed to the transformation of European policies. The book takes an in-depth look at the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions reduction goals adopted by European states, the leadership of the EU in climate negotiations, the creation of the Energy Union, the commitment to a model of sustainable development, the promotion of a circular economy and the enhancement of cities, as relevant actors in the reduction of emissions and boosting of sound environmental practices"--

AbstractThis article examines how local initiatives can gain international visibility and recognition as well as how they can diffuse to other cities. It explores the leadership of the mayors of Bogotá, Stockholm, and Portland, but also how there were specific contexts that favored the transformations of these cities. The work uses Finnemore and Sikkink's norm "life cycle" and Gilardi's diffusion models to explain how local initiatives and policies were promoted using the C40 network as a platform to diffuse practices on climate action and sustainable development. The research undertaken points to a similar pattern through which local policies get international resonance: after initial leadership arises at the local level to promote local policies, international visibility is gained through the winning of awards and the promotion of such policies within the C40. Learning, emulation, and competition are identified as mechanisms through which diffusion occurs.Related ArticlesTran, Carolyn‐Thi Thanh Dung, and Brian Dollery. 2022. "Administrative Intensity and Financial Sustainability: An Empirical Analysis of the Victorian Local Government System." Politics & Policy 50(3): 540–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12466.Villanueva Ulfgard, Rebecka. 2019. "Mexico's Struggle with Development between Global Compromises and National Development Plans." Politics & Policy 47(1): 50–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12288.Wallis, Joe Tor Brodtkorb, Brian Dollery, and Muiris MacCarthaigh. 2017. "Commissions and Local Government Reform: Expressed Leadership Identities of Commissioners in Inquiries Proposing Municipal Mergers in Northern Ireland and New South Wales." Politics & Policy 45(2): 285–308. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12199.

El artículo presenta las iniciativas de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático adoptadas por las ciudades del Sur global que forman parte de la red municipal transnacional C40. Las propuestas son de una amplia diversidad, siendo el mayor número en el área de la energía, la movilidad, los residuos y el urbanismo. Todas ellas han sido impulsadas desde el C40 como áreas prioritarias para la acción climática, lo que muestra la influencia de este tipo de redes en la gobernanza climática global.

Abstract
Given the increasing relevance of cities in the global agenda, we examine the voluntary local reports from six northern and southern cities around the world to understand their approach to the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. We examine not only the framework but also the content of the reports to identify the differences in reporting on sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the factors that may explain why these cities have voluntarily submitted their reports. The research has revealed a wide diversity in the structure and content of the voluntary local reports, demonstrating that there was little to no institutional framework used to submit and compile the reports. Although the reports of northern cities tend to align with previous strategies for the SDGs, the implementation of the 2030 Agenda in southern cities has had a more significant impact on the adoption of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms at the local level. We have found that both international bodies and national policies have an influence on the development of sustainable practices at the local level. Our analysis also indicates that all cities have some sort of international exposure either through their participation in transnational municipal networks or through their collaboration with international organizations, especially in southern cities, which can explain why these cities (and not others) are more active in the adoption of SDGs at the local level and in the submission of voluntary reports.

Red Equo Mujeres habla en este número sobre el ecofeminismo en España, la importancia de la participación de las mujeres en movilizaciones sociales y políticas para su visibilización, y de cómo el capitalismo, el patriarcado o el estado actual de las políticas energéticas inciden en este colectivo.

The EQUO Women's Network talks in this issue about ecofeminism in Spain, the importance of women's participation in social and political mobilizations for their visibility, and how capitalism, patriarchy or the current state of energy policies affect this collective. ; Red Equo Mujeres habla en este número sobre el ecofeminismo en España, la importancia de la participación de las mujeres en movilizaciones sociales y políticas para su visibilización, y de cómo el capitalismo, el patriarcado o el estado actual de las políticas energéticas inciden en este colectivo.

Near 1,500 governments worldwide, including over 1,000 local governments, have declared a climate emergency. Such declarations constitute a response to the growing visibility of social movements in international politics as well as the growing role of cities in climate governance. Framing climate change as an emergency, however, can bring difficulties in both the identification of the most appropriate measures to adopt and the effectiveness of those measures in the long run. We use textual analysis to examine the motivations and intended outcomes of 300 declarations endorsed by local governments. The analysis demonstrates that political positioning, previous experience of environmental action within local government, and pressure from civil society are the most common motivations for declaring a climate emergency at the local level. The declarations constitute symbolic gestures highlighting the urgency of the climate challenge, but they do not translate into radically different responses to the climate change challenge. The most commonly intended impacts are increasing citizens' awareness of climate change and establishing mechanisms to influence future planning and infrastructure decisions. However, the declarations are adopted to emphasize the increasing role cities are taking on, situating local governments as crucial agents bridging global and local action agendas.

Near 1,500 governments worldwide, including over 1,000 local governments, have declared a climate emergency. Such declarations constitute a response to the growing visibility of social movements in international politics as well as the growing role of cities in climate governance. Framing climate change as an emergency, however, can bring difficulties in both the identification of the most appropriate measures to adopt and the effectiveness of those measures in the long run. We use textual analysis to examine the motivations and intended outcomes of 300 declarations endorsed by local governments. The analysis demonstrates that political positioning, previous experience of environmental action within local government, and pressure from civil society are the most common motivations for declaring a climate emergency at the local level. The declarations constitute symbolic gestures highlighting the urgency of the climate challenge, but they do not translate into radically different responses to the climate change challenge. The most commonly intended impacts are increasing citizens' awareness of climate change and establishing mechanisms to influence future planning and infrastructure decisions. However, the declarations are adopted to emphasize the increasing role cities are taking on, situating local governments as crucial agents bridging global and local action agendas.

Este proyecto tiene la misión principal de identificar los grandes retos que enfrenta la Unión Europea (UE) y las sociedades que la integran, contribuyendo así al debate en torno a las acciones políticas a emprender por la UE y los instrumentos legislativos a adoptar. Además, este Proyecto, a través de las actividades que ha desarrollado, ha ampliado el concepto de "riesgos a la seguridad", sobrepasando los estrictamente clásicos, lo que ha permitido analizar la situación de la UE en el contexto internacional, sus fortalezas y debilidades. Todo ello se ha hecho a través de la celebración de tres workshops y una conferencia final, todos ellos abiertos a la participación y enriquecimiento conjunto de académicos, expertos, representantes de instituciones públicas y privadas, estudiantes y sociedad civil en general. Los temas abordados por los workshops fueron los siguientes: Workshop I: El uso de los global commons y la seguridad de la UE (Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales, ICEI, 22- 23 Septiembre 2016). Workshop II: Seguridad y derechos humanos (Facultad de Derecho, Sala de Juntas, 18-19 Noviembre 2016). Workshop III: Riesgos contemporáneos: el caso de la ciberseguridad (Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales, ICEI, 27-28 Abril 2017). Esta recopilación, en forma de Occasional Paper del ICEI, recoge así buena parte de los temas debatidos en la conferencia final. De este modo, retos a la seguridad de la UE contemporáneos, tales como el Brexit y su impacto en el ciudadano, el terrorismo confrontado ante la protección de los derechos humanos, el cambio climático como reto securitario y como motor de pruebas del liderazgo europeo, la obtención de pruebas electrónicas o la necesidad de una regulación homogénea de la prostitución en la UE como mecanismo para actuar de forma coordinada frente a la trata de seres humanos, se han confrontado con aspectos clásicos de la seguridad europea, como el relativo al papel de la UE como actor global en el marco de la Política Exterior y de Seguridad Común ...