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El presente trabajo fue diseñado para determinar la posible función de los genes NPR3 y CAT en el metabolismo del adipocito, además para estudiar el mecanismo específico por el cual podrían contribuir a las alteraciones metabólicas asociadas a la obesidad en adipocitos humanos diferenciados. ; The research group "CTS-461-Nutritional Biochemistry. Therapeutic implications, BioNIT" focuses one of its research fields on obesity. First, the group reported some studies of the association of genetic variants with childhood obesity such as 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and fat mass and obesity (FTO) genes (PhD defended by Olza J. 2011) (Olza J et al. 2012). Subsequently, the research group studied the potential implications of SNPs for antioxidant defense system-related genes in the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome features in children; a PhD thesis on that subject was defended by Rupérez AI (2014) (Rupérez et al. 2013, Rupérez et al. 2014). Additionally, the group demonstrated that VAT exhibits a differential gene expression between obese and normal-weight prepuberal children (Aguilera et al. 2015). Consequently, we obtained a grant by Junta de Andalucía (project number CTS-6770), which allowed for selecting some genes that may affect obesity and its metabolic complications such as inflammation and insulin resistance. Therefore, natriuretic peptide 3 (NPR3) and catalase (CAT) genes were selected among others to study the putative role on adipocyte metabolism and its possible association with obesity. The present work was undertaken to determine the putative function of NPR3 and CAT genes on adipocyte metabolism, as well to study the specific mechanisms which might contribute to metabolic alterations related to obesity in human differentiated adipocytes. ; Tesis Univ. Granada. Programa Oficial de Doctorado en: Nutrición humana ; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS). Ministerio de Salud: RD08/0072/0028 y RD12/0026/0015 "Red de Salud Materno Infantil SAMID", Redes temáticas de investigación cooperativa RETIC. ; Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Innovación y Ciencia: P10-CTS-6770 Biological implications of insulin resistance signalling, inflammation and extracellular matrix genes human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell cultures ; Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, Spanish Government: Francisco Javier Ruiz Ojeda is the recipient of a "Formación de Profesorado Universitario, (FPU)" stipend from 2013 to 2017 (Reference: AP2012- 02068).

Julio Plaza-Diaz and Concepcion M. Aguilera are part of the "UGR Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016" and the "Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), University of Granada". Julio Plaza-Diaz is supported by a fellowship to postdoctoral researchers at foreign universities and research centers from the "Fundacion Ramon Areces", Madrid, Spain. Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda is supported by a fellowship from Spanish Government "Agencia Estatal de Investigacion-Juan de la Cierva-Incorporacion" program (IJC2020-042739-I). Alvaro TorresMartos is supported by the Project "Transductores Moleculares del Ejercicio Fisico y la Activacion del Tejido Adiposo Pardo: en Busca de Nuevas Dianas Terapeuticas en la Comunicacion Intercelular" funded by "Consejeria de Economia, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad (PY18-4455), Junta de Andalucia", Spain. ; Exercise and physical activity induces physiological responses in organisms, and adaptations in skeletal muscle, which is beneficial for maintaining health and preventing and/or treating most chronic diseases. These adaptations are mainly instigated by transcriptional responses that ensue in reaction to each individual exercise, either resistance or endurance. Consequently, changes in key metabolic, regulatory, and myogenic genes in skeletal muscle occur as both an early and late response to exercise, and these epigenetic modifications, which are influenced by environmental and genetic factors, trigger those alterations in the transcriptional responses. DNA methylation and histone modifications are the most significant epigenetic changes described in gene transcription, linked to the skeletal muscle transcriptional response to exercise, and mediating the exercise adaptations. Nevertheless, other alterations in the epigenetics markers, such as epitranscriptomics, modifications mediated by miRNAs, and lactylation as a novel epigenetic modification, are emerging as key events for gene transcription. Here, we provide an overview and update of the impact of exercise on epigenetic modifications, including the well-described DNA methylations and histone modifications, and the emerging modifications in the skeletal muscle. In addition, we describe the effects of exercise on epigenetic markers in other metabolic tissues; also, we provide information about how systemic metabolism or its metabolites influence epigenetic modifications in the skeletal muscle. ; "Fundacion Ramon Areces", Madrid, Spain ; Spanish Government "Agencia Estatal de Investigacion-Juan de la Cierva-Incorporacion" program IJC2020-042739-I ; Project "Transductores Moleculares del Ejercicio Fisico y la Activacion del Tejido Adiposo Pardo: en Busca de Nuevas Dianas Terapeuticas en la Comunicacion Intercelular" - "Consejeria de Economia, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Junta de Andalucia", PY18-4455

Julio Plaza-Diaz is part of the "UGR Plan Propio de Investigación 2016" and the "Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), University of Granada". Patricio Solis-Urra was supported by a fellowship from the National Agency for Research and Development (ANID) BECAS Chile/72180543. Julio Plaza-Diaz is supported by a fellowship awarded to postdoctoral researchers at foreign universities and research centers from the "Fundación Ramón Areces", Madrid, Spain. Jerónimo Aragón-Vela was funded by a Postdoctoral fellowship from the 'Fundación Alfonso Martín Escudero' (Spain). Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda is supported by a fellowship from Spanish Government "Agencia Estatal de Investigación-Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación" program (IJC2020-042739-I). We are grateful to Belén Vázquez-González for her assistance with the illustration service. ; Physical activity, exercise, or physical fitness are being studied as helpful nonpharmacological therapies to reduce signaling pathways related to inflammation. Studies describing changes in intestinal microbiota have stated that physical activity could increase the microbial variance and enhance the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, and both actions could neutralize the obesity progression and diminish body weight. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the literature describing the relationship between physical activity profiles and gut microbiota and in obesity and some associated comorbidities. Promoting physical activity could support as a treatment to maintain the gut microbiota composition or to restore the balance toward an improvement of dysbiosis in obesity; however, these mechanisms need to be studied in more detail. The opportunity to control the microbiota by physical activity to improve health results and decrease obesity and related comorbidities is very attractive. Nevertheless, several incompletely answered questions need to be addressed before this strategy can be implemented. ; ANID BECAS Chile/72180543 ; Agencia Estatal de Investigación-Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación ; National Agency for Research and Development ; University of Granada ; Fundación Alfonso Martín Escudero ; Fundación Ramón Areces ; Agencia Estatal de Investigación IJC2020-042739-I