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As part of national accounts, input-output tables are becoming crucial statistical tools to study theeconomic, social and environmental impacts of globalization and international trade. In particular,global input-output tables extend the national dimension to the international dimension by relatingindividual countries' input-output tables among each other, thus providing an opportunity to bal-ance the global economy as a whole. Concerning emissions of greenhouse gases, the relativeposition that countries hold among their main trade partners at the global level is a key issue interms of international climate negotiations.With this purpose, we show that (official) Multi-countryinput-output tables are crucial to analyse the greenhouse gas emission trade balance of individualcountries. Spain has a negative trade emissions balance for all three gases analysed, being themost negative balances those associated to the bilateral trade with China, Russia, United Statesand the rest of the European Union as a whole. ; Peer Reviewed

As part of national accounts, input-output tables are becoming crucial statistical tools to study theeconomic, social and environmental impacts of globalization and international trade. In particular,global input-output tables extend the national dimension to the international dimension by relatingindividual countries' input-output tables among each other, thus providing an opportunity to bal-ance the global economy as a whole. Concerning emissions of greenhouse gases, the relativeposition that countries hold among their main trade partners at the global level is a key issue interms of international climate negotiations.With this purpose, we show that (official) Multi-countryinput-output tables are crucial to analyse the greenhouse gas emission trade balance of individualcountries. Spain has a negative trade emissions balance for all three gases analysed, being themost negative balances those associated to the bilateral trade with China, Russia, United Statesand the rest of the European Union as a whole.

As part of national accounts, input-output tables are becoming crucial statistical tools to study theeconomic, social and environmental impacts of globalization and international trade. In particular,global input-output tables extend the national dimension to the international dimension by relatingindividual countries' input-output tables among each other, thus providing an opportunity to bal-ance the global economy as a whole. Concerning emissions of greenhouse gases, the relativeposition that countries hold among their main trade partners at the global level is a key issue interms of international climate negotiations.With this purpose, we show that (official) Multi-countryinput-output tables are crucial to analyse the greenhouse gas emission trade balance of individualcountries. Spain has a negative trade emissions balance for all three gases analysed, being themost negative balances those associated to the bilateral trade with China, Russia, United Statesand the rest of the European Union as a whole. ; Peer Reviewed

As part of national accounts, input-output tables are becoming crucial statistical tools to study theeconomic, social and environmental impacts of globalization and international trade. In particular,global input-output tables extend the national dimension to the international dimension by relatingindividual countries' input-output tables among each other, thus providing an opportunity to bal-ance the global economy as a whole. Concerning emissions of greenhouse gases, the relativeposition that countries hold among their main trade partners at the global level is a key issue interms of international climate negotiations.With this purpose, we show that (official) Multi-countryinput-output tables are crucial to analyse the greenhouse gas emission trade balance of individualcountries. Spain has a negative trade emissions balance for all three gases analysed, being themost negative balances those associated to the bilateral trade with China, Russia, United Statesand the rest of the European Union as a whole.

AbstractThis article quantifies for the first time the European employment effects of extra‐EU exports and the correct number of jobs generated through the intra‐EU trade (single market) associated with the production of such exports. The literature has neglected very often the latter effects mainly due to the lack of an appropriate methodology and data. The main results of the article show that, between 2000 and 2007, an increasing number of European jobs were dependent on extra‐EU exports and on the strengthening of the trade linkages across the internal market. During the period considered, the EU employment supported by extra‐EU exports grew from 22 to 25 million jobs, out of which 9 million jobs (in 2007) were due to spillover and feedback effects associated with the single market. Between 2000 and 2007 the EU also became a more vertically integrated economy, and reduced the labour intensity of the extra‐EU exports.

As part of national accounts, input-output tables are becoming crucial statistical tools to study the economic, social and environmental impacts of globalization and international trade. In particular, global input-output tables extend the national dimension to the international dimension by relating individual countries' input-output tables among each other, thus providing an opportunity to balance the global economy as a whole. Concerning emissions of greenhouse gases, the relative position that countries hold among their main trade partners at the global level is a key issue in terms of international climate negotiations. With this purpose, we show that (official) Multi-country input-output tables are crucial to analyse the greenhouse gas emission trade balance of individual countries. Spain has a negative trade emissions balance for all three gases analysed, being the most negative balances those associated to the bilateral trade with China, Russia, United States and the rest of the European Union as a whole ; Junta de Andalucía. SEJ 132 ; Cátedra de economía de la energía y del medio ambiente (Universidad de Sevilla) ; Fundación Roger Torné ; Ministerio de economía y competitividad (España). ECO 2014-56399-R

Higher levels of ozone in the troposphere is a severe threat to both environment and human health. Many countries are concerned about the effects that critical levels of ozone have on them. Countries pollute to satisfy their domestic and external demand (production perspective) and, at the same time, these countries also generate emissions abroad indirectly via their imports and via their domestic production (consumption perspective). Spain is one of the EU countries with the highest pollution records in the emissions of tropospheric ozone precursor gases. A multiregional input-output model (MRIO) allows us to analyze the total emissions embodied in Spanish international trade in 35 sectors within the EU area and the rest of the world. MRIO models, are commonly chosen as they provide an appropriate methodological framework for complete emissions footprint estimates at the national and supranational level The results show that the most polluting sectors involved in Spanish trade are Agriculture, Basic Metals, Coke and Refined Petroleum Production. Some policy recommendations follow these results; for example, a higher number of environmental regulations focused on the Agricultural sector, such as the introduction of codes of good practices in the use of fertilizers and the promotion of cleaner production technologies might lead to less burden to the environment. ; Ministerio de economía y competitividad (España) ECO 2014-56399-R. Claves para Desacoplar Crecimiento y Emisiones de Co2 en España ; Cátedra de economía de la energía y del medio ambiente (Universidad de Sevilla) ; Fundación Roger Torné ; Junta de Andalucía. SEJ 132

Production processes are nowadays increasingly global, implying interdependent structures linking goods, processes and countries. Traditional economic blocks and sectoral intra-country linkages coexist with increasing worldwide dependencies. Recent literature supports the hypothesis of a new globalization process taking place in the late 1990s and the 21st century, centred on the consolidation of increasingly competitive macro-regions at a global level, with a growing specialization of countries within them. We propose a multiregional input-output (MRIO) model of the European Union (EU) to analyse whether the generation of employment and income in Europe in recent decades can be defined as a process that is mainly regional or global (involving countries within the region versus countries outside Europe). Our results show that intra-EU trade is an important factor contributing to income and employment growth, more oriented to intermediate inputs in the same way as extra-EU trade, despite the fact that some European countries are more specialized in final goods, mainly driven by high-income EU countries.

Production processes are nowadays increasingly global, implying interdependent structures linking goods, processes and countries. Traditional economic blocks and sectoral intra-country linkages coexist with increasing worldwide dependencies. Recent literature supports the hypothesis of a new globalization process taking place in the late 1990s and the 21st century, centred on the consolidation of increasingly competitive macro-regions at a global level, with a growing specialization of countries within them. We propose a multiregional input-output (MRIO) model of the European Union (EU) to analyse whether the generation of employment and income in Europe in recent decades can be defined as a process that is mainly regional or global (involving countries within the region versus countries outside Europe). Our results show that intra-EU trade is an important factor contributing to income and employment growth, more oriented to intermediate inputs, in the same way as extra-EU trade, despite the fact that some European countries are more specialized in final goods, mainly driven by high-income EU countries ; Los procesos de producción son hoy en día cada vez más globales, lo que implica estructuras interdependientes que vinculan bienes, procesos y países. Los bloques económicos tradicionales y los vínculos sectoriales dentro del país coexisten con dependencias mundiales crecientes. La literatura reciente respalda la hipótesis de un nuevo proceso de globalización que tuvo lugar a fines de los años 90 y el siglo XXI, centrado en la consolidación de macro-regiones cada vez más competitivas a nivel global, con una creciente especialización de los países dentro de ellas. Proponemos un modelo multirregional input-output (MRIO) de la Unión Europea (UE) para analizar si la generación de empleo e ingresos en Europa en las últimas décadas se puede definir como un proceso que es principalmente regional o global. Nuestros resultados muestran que el comercio intracomunitario es un factor importante que contribuye al crecimiento de los ingresos y el empleo, más orientado a los inputs intermedios, de la misma manera que el comercio extracomunitario, a pesar del hecho de que algunos países europeos están más especializados en productos finales, principalmente demandados por países de altos ingresos de la UE

There are increasing numbers of published articles in the feld of input–output analysis and modelling that use the GTAP input–output database; particularly, in relation to the estimation of carbon, energy and water footprints and the analysis of global value chains and international trade. The policy relevance of those topics is also increasing, thus calling for consistently linking these databases with ofcial statistics. Although, so far, GTAP has been using their own classifcation and reconciliation methods, this paper develops a new conversion method for the EU that guarantees that the EUGTAP database respects the new statistical standards and Eurostat ofcial statistics. We recommend for future updates, a shift of the current GTAP classifcation of industries to the new ofcial standard classifcations to which countries are progressively moving to. Otherwise, the lack of matching ofcial data would jeopardize the usefulness of such database. This method can be extended to other similar input–output databases with diferent classifcation schemes from the original input data sources