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Detroit's bankruptcy is the most severe example of the financial implications of the movement of wealth to the suburbs. When residents and businesses leave, central cities have a disproportionate share of most regions' lower-income households. At the same time, many central cities collect less revenue as states cut financial support. So, we are left with the question: can central cities change patterns of economic activity? In Reversing Urban Decline: Why and How Sports, Entertainment, and Culture Turn Cities into Major League Winners, Second Edition author Mark Rosentraub details how central

Detroit's bankruptcy is the most severe example of the financial implications of the movement of wealth to the suburbs. When residents and businesses leave, central cities have a disproportionate share of most regions' lower-income households. At the same time, many central cities collect less revenue as states cut financial support. So, we are left with the question: can central cities change patterns of economic activity? In Reversing Urban Decline: Why and How Sports, Entertainment, and Culture Turn Cities into Major League Winners, Second Edition author Mark Rosentraub details ho.

Regions that seek to manage rapid growth, as well as those that struggle to attract development, frequently create new governance systems. This article reviews Indianapolis's UniGov consolidation, which transferred responsibilities for economic development to a countywide government without changing the delivery systems for most other services. The benefits from UniGov included the creation of a city large enough to attract & retain talented political leadership, the physical rebuilding of a downtown core area, & the stabilization of job levels in the downtown area. An unintended consequence was a regressive system to finance redevelopment. The extensive use of abatements & tax increment financing plans for development has increased tax burdens for residents & businesses located in the old city of Indianapolis, but substantial image & economic benefits have accrued to the region. 3 Tables, 18 References. Adapted from the source document.

Several states and cities have developed policies designed to attract retirees, hoping to position their communities as future homes for the retirement years of high-spending, low-service-consuming elders. In this article, attention is focused on issues of public expenditures. Although near-retirement-age populations seem to have lower demands for public goods, these preferences quickly change, and communities with larger proportions of postretirement people in their population spend more for public services. Political tensions may result. Thus there may be no economic boom in attracting retirement or preretirement-age populations to a community.

Students of fiscal policy have long noted the impact political culture has on spending levels. This relationship has not only been statistically dem onstrated but is incorporated in the stereotypical views held of certain areas. Some states are frequently identified as "low spenders," while others have a reputation for supporting services. When the federal government elected to reduce its support for many human services, an opportunity arose to understand whether political cultures had changed in some areas with regard to state and local support of human services. In states where the tradition was for low spendingfor services, did they respond by curtail ing programs, or did the public or private sectors increase their spending? In Texas, a state with a history of low spending levels for human services, neither the state legislature nor local governments increased their fiscal responsibilities for human services. However, there was a large increase in private sector contributions. The pattern of this response not only sheds new light on the political culture of Texas but also raises important challenges for financing nonprofit agencies and delivering human services.

ABSTRACTThe use of surveys by cities for planning or evaluation requires attention to several problems identified by users. An assessment of the impact of these issues was made using three surveys by the city of Dallas. It was determined that surveys may be particularly valuable in evaluating service delivery patterns for services which offer delivery agents a high level of discretion. For these services, non‐whites reported higher levels of dissatisfaction than whites, a pattern not evident when low discretion services are evaluated. The study also allowed development of specific suggestions regarding the structure of survey questions and the evaluation of services by non‐users.