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Abstract: There are three mainstream theories which elucidate the relationship between Islamic doctrine and political actions that lead to terrorism acts of its believers: Firstly: they who believe that justification of violence and terror acts is inherent products of religious doctrine. Secondly: those who view that terrorism is profane matters, unrelated to religious doctrine whatsoever. Thirdly, opinion that state that terrorism is syncretism as well as interrelative modification between politics and religion. Although the three theories differ in concluding the role of religion in terrorism, they share some analytical approach, which put religion as doctrine and politics as political drive in every terrorism act. To measure the more dominant motive of the two can be done using two perspectives of phenomenology. First perspective views islamist movement as a form of anti modernism which emerges as a cure for western-type of modernization. The west is the enemy. Second perspective concludes that the movement is phenomenon of manifestation as well as response to post-modern development. Islamism emerges as something different, echoing cultural autonomy, alternative political entity as well as moral ideological critique of secularism brought by modernism. Key words: Islamism, terrorism, phenomenology ; Abstrak: Terdapat tiga pendapat mainstream yang memberikan ulasan teoritis mengenai antara doktrin Islam atau faktor politik, yang melatarbelakangi aksi-aksi terorisme dari kelompok berlatar belakang muslim: Pertama, mereka yang percaya bahwa pembenaran terhadap aksi-aksi kekerasan hingga terorisme adalah produk inheren dari doktrin keagamaan. Kedua, mereka yang memandang bahwa terorisme adalah perkara yang profan, sama sekali tak ada hubungannya dengan agama. Ketiga, pendapat yang menyebutkan bahwa terorisme adalah sinkretisme serta modifikasi interrelatif antara politik dan agama. Meski berbeda dalam menyimpulkan peran agama dalam terorisme, tiga teori mainstream di atas mempunyai keidentikkan dalam pendekatan analisis, yaitu; dimensi agama sebagai doktrin dan dimensi politis yang inheren menyertai setiap aksi tindakan terorisme. Menakar motif mana yang paling dominan dalam setiap aksi Islamisme dapat berangkat dari tinjauan fenomenologis. Terdapat dua perspektif umum yang dipakai oleh para pengamat dalam melakukan pendekatan studi terhadap fenomena gerakan Islamisme ini. Menurut perspektif pertama, gerakan Islamisme adalah sebuah bentuk anti-modernitas yang muncul sebagai respon antidote terhadap pembaharuan yang dihasilkan oleh Barat. Berdasarkan perspektif ini, Islamisme muncul dengan langsung menempatkan dirinya sebagai musuh dari Barat yang menjadi pionir dari modernisasi. Perspektif kedua menyimpulkan bahwa gerakan tersebut adalah fenomena manifestasi dan sekaligus juga respon terhadap perkembangan post-modernitas. Menurut perspektif ini, Islamisme muncul sebagai sesuatu yang menjadi pembeda, menyuarakan otonomi kultural, entitas politis alternatif serta kritik moralitas idologis terhadap sekularisme modernitas. Kata kunci: Islamisme, terorisme, fenomenologi.

Abstract: What is the main factor of terrorism; Islamic doctrine, or political factor? There are three mainstream opinions provide theoretical reviews. Firstly, those who believe that the justification of acts of violence to terrorism is an inherent product of religious doctrine. Secondly, those who consider that terrorism is a profane matter have absolutely nothing to do with religion. Thirdly, the opinion which states that terrorism is syncretism and interrelated modification between politics and religion. This article tries to examine the three views above by dissecting other perspectives in order to get a clearer picture of the discourse of Islamism transforming into a radical movement leading to terrorism. Doctrinal and political motives are so strongly integrated and overlapping in the structure of the motives and actions of these radical groups. Departing from the view that Islamism is a movement that aims to make radical-revolutionary changes in social structure institutions, this article collects theories that can be used as maps to understand the construction of Islamism.

While polemics is still shadowing the internationally accepted definition, the word "Terrorism" becomes more controversial when it is paralleled with "Islam". The Islamic Terrorism discourse is more likely to be an elusive concept if not a Fata Morgana. Its very existence appears as a real entity but its form can hardly be described. It would be always be problematic to posterize such a terrible notion as "terrorism" and put it side by side with a noble concept as in "Islam". The fact, however, shows that the two-word has been widely discussed in global arena. "Islamic Terrorism" has become a trending topic in global politics and academic discourses in the first decade of the millennium.