Suchergebnisse

Le devenir démographique des sociétés avancées est débattu à partir de trois perspectives théoriques. Selon la première, la sous-fécondité dont souffrent les sociétés modernes est l'aboutissement d'une évolution sociale. Par conséquent, il faut plutôt chercher des adaptations sociales et institutionnelles à la stagnation et au vieillissement démographiques. La deuxième perspective, inspirée d'une philosophie libérale, postule l'idée de Vautorégulation du processus social et, donc, la non-intervention des pouvoirs publics en matière de procréation. La troisième, enfin, s'apparente à la philosophie volontariste et pose les problèmes démographiques en termes de choix publics.

Aboriginal populations: social, demographic, and epidemiological perspectives / Frank Trovato and Anatole Romaniuk -- Canada's aboriginal population from encounter of civilizations to revival and growth / Anatole Romaniuk -- Counting aboriginal peoples in Canada / Gustave J. Goldmann and Senada Delic -- Population projections for the aboriginal population in Canada, a review of past, present, and future prospects, 1991-2017 / Ravi B.P. Verma -- Another look at definitions and growth of aboriginal populations in Canada / Eric Guimond, Norbert Robitaille, and Sacha Sene?cal -- Aboriginal mobility and migration in Canada: patterns, trends, and implications, 1971 to 2006 / Stewart Clatworthy and Mary Jane Norris -- Alcoholism and other social problems in Canadian aboriginal communities: policy alternatives and implications for social action / Paul C. Whitehead and Brenda Kobayashi -- Cultural continuity and the social-emotional well-being of First Nations youth / Michael J. Chandler -- Addressing the disparities in aboriginal health through social determinants research / Malcolm King -- North-north and north-south health disparities, a circumpolar perspective / T. Kue Young -- Death and the family, a half century of mortality change in the registered Indian population of Canada as reflected in period life tables / Frank Travato -- Ethnic or categorical mobility? Challenging conventional demographic explanations of Me?tis population growth / Chris Andersen -- "I'm sweating with Cree culture not Saulteaux culture" urban aboriginal cultural identities / Evelyn J. Peters, Roger C.A. Maaka, and Ron F. Laliberte? -- Continuity or disappearance, aboriginal languages in Canada / James Frideres -- The eagle has landed, optimism among Canada's First Nations community / Cora J. Voyageur -- American Indian education / C. Matthew Snipp -- Interrogating the image of the "Wandering Nomad": indigenous temporary mobility practices in Australia / Sarah Prout -- Closing the gap? Demographic and geographic dilemmas for indigenous policy in Australia / Nicholas G Biddle, John Taylor, and Mandy L.M. Yap -- From common colonization to internal segmentation: rethinking indigenous demography in New Zealand / Tahu H. Kukutai and Ian Pool -- Indigenous minorities and post-socialist transition, a review of aboriginal population trends in the Russian north / Andrey N. Petrov.

The study compares a century-long matrimonial experience in Canada and Ukraine in terms of such criteria as intensity (universality), timing (age), stability and integrity of marriage. The study reveals a culture of early and universal marriage in Ukraine and that of marriage at more mature ages and one that is not nearly as universal in Canada, thus confirming the existence of Hajnal's Western and Eastern marriage pattern divide. Perhaps the most striking feature which appears from this comparative study is the tenacity of matrimonial culture in the face of the many unsettling events the two countries have experienced over the century. How is it that an early and universal marriage custom took such a strong hold in Ukraine, a country that suffered from the overpopulation and acute fragmentation of family holdings, whereas in Canada, a country of immigration and abundance of land, late and less-than-universal marriage prevailed? And why do the traditional marriage patterns continue more or less in our day? To solve this conundrum, the study examines the prevailing inheritance customs, types of households, parental responsibility, kinship solidarity, aversion toward illegitimacy. The importance of institutional support for matrimonial culture is illustrated by the example of Canadian Ukrainians. Theoretical questions are raised as to the demographic and matrimonial responses to the modernity exigencies, and as to the role of nonnative and rational imperatives in shaping the individual conduct in the matters of matrimony.

AbstractSeveral authors draw attention to implicit or explicit messages about the real world, aspects that we probably think less about when choosing a story to read to young children. Examples of behavioural antimodels can be easily captured by a competent pedagogue or parent in narrative writings such as fairy tales or stories belonging to well-known writers from the international and Romanian literature. The present study envisages a qualitative investigative approach, based on semi-structured interviews, aiming to explore parents' perceptions regarding the effect of preschoolers' exposure to stereotypes and verbal and behavioural aggression found in many of the traditional fairy tales and most circulated stories. The results of the study were compiled by investigating the responses of the 12 participants (N=12) based on three dimensions of analysis. Thus, a first dimension focused on the vision of the effects of aggression present in literary texts on children and the way to manage passages marked by violence. The second dimension sought to identify the opinion of the parents interviewed in relation to the possible consequences of the repeated exposure of children to clichés and stereotypes. The last unit of analysis aimed to picture the participants' beliefs regarding the need to harmonize the subjects of fairy tales and stories heard by preschoolers to the current lifestyle of today's society. The end of the paper includes a series of discussions with reference to the educational implications, limitations of the study and future research directions.

AbstractThe effect of non-binding guidelines (nudges) on citizens' compliance with law has been studied theoretically and empirically in behavioral law and economics. Less is known about the impact of non-binding guidelines on the behavior of law enforcement agents and prosecution. Our work fills this gap. We study whether non-binding guidelines affect law enforcement and prosecution practices when the guidelines are not necessarily aligned with legal actors' preferences. Our empirical analysis focuses on the impact of the adoption of a low priority initiative (LPI) on police and prosecutor behavior in Los Angeles County. Our results suggest that following the introduction of an LPI there is a rise in the number of misdemeanor arrests, but not in the rate that misdemeanor marijuana offenses are dismissed. We conclude that law enforcement preferences have a counterbalancing effect given that police officers may have strong punitive preferences. Prosecutors do not appear to respond to non-binding guidelines as evidenced by no change in the rate of dismissing cases.